CB&I’s E-Gas™ technology has the potential to make use of our most abundant energy resource – coal – in such a way as to dramatically reduce its environmental impact. This proven technology is one of the cleanest, most efficient commercial processes for converting coal or petroleum coke into a hydrogen rich synthesis gas, ideally suited for substitute natural gas production, power generation, and refining or chemical manufacturing applications.

The process can cost-effectively remove more than 95 percent of the mercury in coal, and, greater than 99 percent of the sulfur can be recovered and marketed for use primarily in the fertilizer industry. Additionally, the gasification process produces no ash and recycles byproducts into useful products including road construction materials.

With more than 25 years of proven commercial experience, the E-Gas technology for gasification provides a highly efficient, environmentally superior, and competitive base-load power alternative. In a refinery setting, the technology can process high sulfur petroleum coke into power, steam and hydrogen for the refinery and surrounding markets.

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CB&I's Strata-Therm^® thermal energy storage (TES) tanks are used around the world by schools, hospitals, businesses and other facilities that circulate chilled water to provide air conditioning. Over the past 30 years, we've installed more than 200 TES systems ranging in capacity from 400 ton-hours to the world's largest TES system, with a capacity of 160,000 ton-hours.

The Strata-Therm system can reduce energy costs by taking advantage of water's tendency to thermally stratify. Lower-density warm water naturally rises to the upper part of a storage tank, leaving higher-density cool water in the lower portion. With the Strata-Therm system, cooler water is drawn from the bottom of the storage tank during peak (afternoon) cooling periods and used in the cooling loop; the water is returned to the tank as warm water. During off-peak (evening) periods, warm water is directed from the top of the tank to the cooling loop.

We offer our Strata-Therm system customers a lump-sum, turnkey solution, performing everything from design and engineering to fabrication, construction and operator training. We do the work with our own in-house resources whenever possible so we can control quality, manage costs, adhere to project schedules and minimize the customer's risk. This translates into simplified project oversight, less worry and often lower costs for our customers.

Reduced costs, easier maintenance. Many customers report the Strata-Therm system has saved them millions of dollars in capital, operating and maintenance costs. The Strata-Therm system is compatible with most existing chilling systems, and installing a Strata-Therm system can be less expensive than building additional chiller capacity. The tank is easy and economical to maintain because its rugged, all-welded steel tank construction prevents leakage, and our patented radial plate diffuser resists corrosion. In addition, the Strata-Therm system has no moving parts, so maintenance downtime is minimal.

The Strata-Therm system also offers unmatched flexibility. In addition to storing and chilling plant water, the tank can be used to store fire protection water and water from waste heat. The tank can be located anywhere along or near the water distribution system and can provide partial (load leveling) or full (load shifting) storage, depending on the customer's requirements.

SoCool^® for added efficiency. To achieve greater cooling efficiency, we can design Strata-Therm tanks that utilize our patented SoCool low temperature TES stratification fluid in place of plain water. SoCool is an aqueous solution that provides the benefits of stratified TES at temperatures lower than 39.4°F. SoCool can eliminate the need for water treatment to prevent corrosion and inhibit microbiological growth.

CB&I’s Engineering, Construction and Maintenance group provides engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction of major energy infrastructure facilities, as well as comprehensive and integrated maintenance services. We design and build nuclear, fossil and renewable electric generating plants for the power industry, and upstream and downstream process facilities for the oil and gas industry, such as refinery process units and petrochemical facilities. CB&I is one of the few contractors in the world that can perform the entire scope of major energy infrastructure projects with our own in-house resources.

CB&I is one of the premier providers of technology to the hydrocarbon industry, offering licensed process technologies, catalysts, specialized equipment and engineered products for use in petrochemical facilities, oil refineries and gas processing plants. We also offer process planning and project development services, as well as a comprehensive program of aftermarket support.  CB&I is known in the industry for the scope of our technology assets and our ability to provide single-source solutions for customers globally.

CB&I’s Government Solutions group leads large, high-profile programs and projects – including design-build infrastructure projects – for Federal, state and local governments. We deliver program management, design-build services for marine and transportation projects, and military base and facilities management. CB&I also provides full-scale environmental services for government and private sector clients, including remediation and restoration of contaminated sites, emergency response, and disaster recovery.

CB&I’s Fabrication Services group is a leading provider of piping solutions and the world’s leading supplier of storage tanks and vessels for the oil and gas, water and wastewater, and power generation industries. Our fabrication capabilities encompass piping, structural steel and module prefabrication and assembly. CB&I also has the most extensive global experience of any tank construction company in the industry, offering turnkey solutions for atmospheric, refrigerated and pressure storage.

CB&I is organized into four business groups that serve the needs of our clients in the energy and government markets.

• Our Technology group offers licensed process technologies, catalysts, specialized equipment and engineered products for use in petrochemical facilities, oil refineries and gas processing plants.
• Our Engineering, Construction & Maintenance group provides engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction of major energy infrastructure facilities, as well as comprehensive and integrated maintenance services.
• CB&I’s Fabrication Services group is a leading provider of piping solutions and the world’s leading supplier of storage tanks and vessels for the oil and gas, water and wastewater, mining and power generation industries.
• Our Government Solutions group leads large, high-profile programs and projects – including design-build infrastructure projects – for Federal, state and local governments.

CB&I's Strata-Therm^® thermal energy storage (TES) tanks are used around the world by schools, hospitals, businesses and other facilities that circulate chilled water to provide air conditioning. Over the past 30 years, we've installed more than 200 TES systems ranging in capacity from 400 ton-hours to the world's largest TES system, with a capacity of 160,000 ton-hours.

The Strata-Therm system can reduce energy costs by taking advantage of water's tendency to thermally stratify. Lower-density warm water naturally rises to the upper part of a storage tank, leaving higher-density cool water in the lower portion. With the Strata-Therm system, cooler water is drawn from the bottom of the storage tank during peak (afternoon) cooling periods and used in the cooling loop; the water is returned to the tank as warm water. During off-peak (evening) periods, warm water is directed from the top of the tank to the cooling loop.

We offer our Strata-Therm system customers a lump-sum, turnkey solution, performing everything from design and engineering to fabrication, construction and operator training. We do the work with our own in-house resources whenever possible so we can control quality, manage costs, adhere to project schedules and minimize the customer's risk. This translates into simplified project oversight, less worry and often lower costs for our customers.

Reduced costs, easier maintenance. Many customers report the Strata-Therm system has saved them millions of dollars in capital, operating and maintenance costs. The Strata-Therm system is compatible with most existing chilling systems, and installing a Strata-Therm system can be less expensive than building additional chiller capacity. The tank is easy and economical to maintain because its rugged, all-welded steel tank construction prevents leakage, and our patented radial plate diffuser resists corrosion. In addition, the Strata-Therm system has no moving parts, so maintenance downtime is minimal.

The Strata-Therm system also offers unmatched flexibility. In addition to storing and chilling plant water, the tank can be used to store fire protection water and water from waste heat. The tank can be located anywhere along or near the water distribution system and can provide partial (load leveling) or full (load shifting) storage, depending on the customer's requirements.

SoCool^® for added efficiency. To achieve greater cooling efficiency, we can design Strata-Therm tanks that utilize our patented SoCool low temperature TES stratification fluid in place of plain water. SoCool is an aqueous solution that provides the benefits of stratified TES at temperatures lower than 39.4°F. SoCool can eliminate the need for water treatment to prevent corrosion and inhibit microbiological growth.

Wind energy is one of the world's fastest growing power generation technologies, offering a clean, renewable source of electricity that is becoming increasingly economical. CB&I has proven experience in designing and building support structures for wind turbines.

Wind turbines are typically mounted atop steel support towers that are 100 feet tall or taller. Wind causes the turbine's propeller-like blades to turn around a rotor; the rotor is connected to a main shaft, which in turn spins a generator to create an electrical current.

We participated in our first wind energy project in the 1970s and have since been involved in several onshore and offshore wind projects. Our capabilities for these projects include design, engineering, procurement, fabrication and erection of support towers, foundations and transformer platforms.

Understanding global markets. Our wind power projects have included everything from a few onshore towers in rural locations to large wind farms in challenging offshore locales. Our worldwide offices are staffed with experienced people; their knowledge of local regulatory, logistical and environmental matters is essential to solving problems and facilitating projects, wherever they are located. And by maintaining a global network of engineers, craftsmen, procurement facilities and heavy-lift equipment, we can quickly mobilize resources to virtually any work site.

Wind turbines are massive components that require sturdy, well-designed support towers. We've designed and built thousands of steel shafts, towers and other components that have afforded years of safe, reliable support for wind turbines, elevated water tanks, offshore oil and gas platforms, and many other industrial applications. We have extensive experience lifting and installing tall and extremely heavy structures for both onshore and offshore projects.

Mastering the science of welding. For more than a century, we have provided unmatched expertise in the fabrication and assembly of industrial-grade steel structures. Our in-house resources include our widely respected welding and quality assurance technology group, a sophisticated welding and metallurgical laboratory and global fabrication facilities. These resources support our engineers, construction crews and customers with timely and practical solutions to the most demanding technical challenges. Maintaining these capabilities in-house allows us to pass on cost savings to our customer, closely control quality and shorten project schedules.

Safety is paramount when working with large components such as support towers. To ensure the safety of our employees and customers, we've developed numerous internal controls, training programs and processes over the years. Our safety program has garnered many awards from both customers and industry associations and resulted in an impressive safety record. Our commitment to safety not only ensures the well-being of our employees but also translates into reduced risk and lower costs for our customers.

CB&I is one of a few companies to offer a true EPC solution for penstocks, scroll cases and bifurcations. We have the in-house resources to design, fabricate and install these massive steel structures, which feed water from rivers and other waterways to hydroelectric plants.

Our projects have included new installations as well as repairs and modifications to existing structures. We offer a single-point solution that includes design and analysis, procurement, fabrication, project management and installation.

Our innovative approach. These projects require meticulous planning and execution because the components are often installed in remote or environmentally sensitive areas. To meet these challenges, we apply creative solutions such as off-site assembly, localized post-weld heat treatment, innovative rigging and special heavy-lift techniques. We plan our projects in painstaking detail to minimize their impact on the environment and on other activities at the installation site and to ensure the safety of our people and our customers.

We are one of the few engineering and construction companies to operate in-house fabrication facilities. These shops provide optimal quality and timely delivery of components and parts for our hydroelectric projects. Our shops are fully equipped for hot forming, heat treating, weld assembly, non-destructive examination, blasting and painting. They employ highly skilled craftspeople who understand our standards and work processes and can fabricate components from steel, alloys and other materials to precise specifications.

A leader in quality assurance. We are recognized for our excellence in welding and quality assurance (QA) technology. We've developed standardized policies and processes to ensure consistency of welding and QA activities for all our projects. Our Welding and QA Technology group provides consulting services and training for our craftspeople and technicians worldwide, develops specialized welding equipment and tests new welding processes. Our project teams implement detailed quality assurance/control procedures for every step of our projects, including welding, heat treating, nondestructive examination, cleaning and repair.

For projects that require specialized rigging or heavy-lifts, we count on the know-how of our Construction Technology group, a team of seasoned construction planners who are experts in rigging, heavy lifting and other construction disciplines. They help select equipment and develop site-specific erection plans for some of our most complex and logistically challenging projects, and they constantly look for safer, more efficient construction methods.

CB&I has provided specialty engineering, procurement and construction services to the petrochemical industry for more than 80 years. Our innovations included the petrochemical industry's first floating roof tank and the first Hortonsphere^® pressure vessel for storing liquids and gases under pressurized conditions. Today, we offer a variety of high-quality solutions for producing, processing, storing and distributing chemical products.

We design and build everything from ambient temperature and cryogenic storage systems to process units, plants, pipelines and import/export terminals. Our comprehensive services include process design, front-end engineering and design, detail engineering, procurement, fabrication, construction, permitting assistance, operator training, commissioning and start-up.

Our Lummus Technology business sector offers considerable expertise in many state-of-the-art petrochemical technologies. These technologies include olefins, polypropylene, styrene and styrenic polymers, light hydrocarbons (C₃-C₅ ), phenolics, and other specialty chemicals. CB&I has the unique ability to offer our clients a full-scope product utilizing both in-house technologies and proven EPFC services.

Choosing the right solution. When it comes to manufacturing chemicals, process is everything. Our experienced engineers and designers are familiar with a variety of process technologies. They carefully evaluate each project's requirements, weigh the options and recommend the best solution for the customer.

Applying innovative construction methods. We can execute petrochemical projects using modular construction methods, conventional ("stick-built") construction, or a combination of both. In many cases, modular construction allows the project schedule to be compressed and can reduce costs associated with local on-site labor. We can exercise rigorous safety and quality controls during construction in our in-house facilities. Modular construction also minimizes the impact of the project on the customer's operations and allows a number of processes, such as permitting and transportation, to be accomplished concurrently.

When field erection is called for, we develop a detailed plan that takes into account labor and equipment requirements, space availability at the installation site and many other factors. When the installation site is a working plant, we make every effort to minimize the impact of the project on our customer's other operations. And we implement proven quality assurance and safety procedures to ensure quality construction and minimize the risks associated with plant construction. As a result, we've successfully delivered thousands of projects with zero recordable incidents.

Precipitator projects require an EPC company that can handle large jobs, adhere to tight schedules and work in remote locations. The world's largest alumina refiners have depended on CB&I for years to design and build their precipitators.

We provide structural engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction services for precipitator projects. Over the past several decades, we've successfully executed projects ranging in scope from a single precipitator to as many as 19 units in Australia, Jamaica, South America and other top alumina-producing regions.

Special challenges, shorter schedules. Precipitators are steel vessels used in the production of alumina, the feedstock required in aluminum smelting. They are critical to the refining operation, so plant owners cannot afford construction delays or errors. Precipitator projects often pose special challenges because they are often located in remote areas with little or no infrastructure.

We are known for our ability to deliver precipitator projects on time and within budget, even in the most remote locations. We operate a large global network of engineering, welding, fabrication, procurement and construction resources that can be mobilized to almost any location. When the project is located in an area that lacks sufficient labor or infrastructure, we establish offsite fabrication and assembly yards and arrange for components to be shipped to the installation site.

Innovators in construction. Precipitators are large-often nearly 45 feet in diameter and 100 feet in height-so these projects require extensive expertise in steel plate fabrication, construction and heavy lifts. We have specialized in the fabrication and erection of steel plate structures for more than a century. Over time, we've developed proven standards for design, fabrication, construction and quality assurance that are utilized by our project teams and construction crews around the world. We were the first company to introduce automated girth welding for better, more efficient welding of tank seams, and we have made significant improvements to the process over the years.

Most precipitators are constructed in modules at our fabrication facilities and shipped to the project site. Modular construction allows us to minimize disruption of other activities at the refinery and reduces installation time. Reducing fieldwork also minimizes delays due to inclement weather, enhances safety and quality control, and can also result in lower labor costs.

Safety is always a concern when dealing with large and complex projects. At CB&I, we've developed construction methods that make elevated work safer and more efficient, and we've implemented an award-winning training program that emphasizes safe work practices. As a result, we've executed thousands of projects without a single lost workday or recordable incident, and we've achieved one of the best safety records in the industry.

Engineering excellence and mastery of steel plate fabrication have made CB&I a preferred supplier of basic oxygen vessels for converting pig iron into steel. Our oxygen vessels are built to provide years of reliable service and high productivity.

We are a true EPC company, providing a lump-sum, turnkey solution for basic oxygen vessel projects. Whenever possible, we utilize our global in-house resources to provide the best in detail engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction services. We believe our integrated approach translates into better quality, shorter schedules and often lower costs for our steelmaking customers.

Ensuring a perfect fit. Every basic oxygen vessel is meticulously designed by our pressure vessel engineers to ensure a precise fit with the trunnion rings and refractory lining. Our engineers and technicians have an in-depth understanding of industry codes and requirements and they follow precise procedures. Skilled craftspeople in our fully equipped shops perform expert steel plate fabrication and trunnion ring shrink fitting. Our shop personnel use proven tools and techniques for welding and heat treating to achieve our high standards for quality and safety. The expertise and painstaking efforts of our people ensure our customers receive dependable, high quality vessels.

Delivering consistent quality. We have successfully installed basic oxygen vessels at steel making plants around the world. That's because we can mobilize our global engineering, fabrication and construction resources to meet customers' needs virtually anywhere. Whenever possible, we direct hire local craftspeople and train them in our tools, processes and technical standards. And our companywide technical specifications ensure every vessel is designed, built and installed according to the same high standards.

CB&I designs and builds high-quality storage and process tanks for refiners of gold, nickel, alumina and other metals and minerals. Our ability to execute projects virtually anywhere and our unrivaled technical expertise have made us a leading provider of tanks for the metals and mining industry.

For several decades, metal refiners have relied on our cylindrical, carbon steel tanks for processing minerals and for storing the acids and caustics used in processing. We provide a complete range of services for tank projects, including structural engineering, fabrication, procurement, foundation and tank construction, commissioning, start-up and operator training. We execute most projects on a lump-sum, turnkey basis, which often results in shorter project schedules, lower costs, improved quality control and reduced risk for our customers.

Meeting the global challenge. Mining-related projects can present complex logistical challenges because they are often located in remote areas. Our worldwide engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction resources allow us to provide people, materials and equipment wherever they are needed. Our people provide invaluable expertise because they are knowledgeable about the regulations, logistics and business practices of the communities where we work. Whenever possible, we direct-hire and train local craftsmen, providing a pool of highly skilled workers and benefiting the local economy.

With more than a century of experience in tank construction, we've developed innovative tools and techniques for building better tanks. Our company-wide technical standards ensure every tank is designed and built according to our exact specifications. We introduced the original automatic girth welder (AGW), which achieves high-quality welds and is significantly faster than manual welding. Our experienced craftsmen carefully grind and inspect every weld to ensure there are no rough seams that could damage the tank's rubber lining, which protects the tank walls from corrosive chemicals.

Ensuring worker safety. Safety is stressed throughout every phase of our projects. We developed "scaffoldless" tank erection techniques to protect the safety of our construction crews and reduce our customers' risk. We've completed thousands of projects without a single lost workday or recordable incident, and our intensive safety program has earned us one of the industry's best safety records.

CB&I is the world's foremost provider of silos for storing alumina, a bauxite derivative used in aluminum smelting. We've built storage silos with capacities of more than 50,000 tons for the industry's leading refiners.

Alumina, a white, powdery material, is stored in cone-roofed carbon steel tanks that typically range in diameter from 150 to 200 feet. Building the tanks can present complex logistical challenges because alumina refineries are often located in remote areas with little infrastructure or available labor.

Proven results, loyal customers. We provide complete engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction services for alumina storage projects. Our ability to execute projects almost anywhere in the world and to finish the work on time has earned us repeat business from the world's leading alumina producers and users. Our excellent safety record—one of the best in the industry—means peace of mind, reduced risk and often lower costs for refinery owners.

As a global company, we can quickly mobilize people, materials and equipment to almost any work location. That's because we maintain in-house engineering, fabrication, procurement and construction resources. For every project, we assemble a team of people who understand the regulations and logistical challenges of the communities where we work; and we direct-hire and train local craftsmen whenever possible. When the installation site is located in an area that lacks labor resources or infrastructure, we can establish an offsite fabrication and assembly facility; our in-house transportation and logistics group will coordinate shipment of components to the project site.

Innovative construction methods. We've been building steel plate structures for more than a century, and we've drawn upon our experience to develop innovative technologies and more efficient work methods. We introduced the original automatic girth welder (AGW) 50 years ago to make tank construction more efficient, and we still use this technology today. The AGW achieves high-quality horizontal welds while significantly reducing work-hours, often resulting in shorter project schedules and reduced costs for our customers. We've also developed proven rigging, heavy-lift and air-raising techniques that allow our construction crews to work safely and efficiently. And we've implemented company-wide technical standards to make the design process more efficient and to ensure consistent, superior results.

CB&I has built high-performance blast furnaces for some of the world's largest steel makers. For several decades, we've supplied furnaces that utilize proven technologies to safely and efficiently convert iron oxides into hot metal.

We provide lump-sum, turnkey EPC services for both new furnace installations and upgrades. Using our integrated, in-house resources, we can perform complete detail engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction. Our experienced engineers can incorporate any process design requested by the customer and optimize the detail design to meet precise specifications and minimize energy consumption.

Building a superior furnace. The construction of a blast furnace leaves no margin for error. Every furnace must be designed and built to exacting specifications to ensure proper fit with the refractory lining. Our pressure vessel engineers use proven methods and specialized software to develop precise furnace designs. Key components are fabricated at our in-house shops under controlled conditions. Our welding and quality assurance group ensures our craftsmen use the best tools and processes to achieve our stringent quality and safety standards. Our people are committed to building a top-quality furnace that provides years of dependable service.

Putting it all together. We can assemble blast furnaces piece-by-piece on the ground and raise them or perform in-air assembly, depending on the available space at the installation site and other factors. When ground assembly is the method of choice, we develop detailed plans for the heavy lift and the configuration of temporary supports, and then we select the best cranes, transporters and other equipment for the job. For in-air assembly, we've developed innovative rigging techniques so the work can be performed efficiently and safely.

With more than 60 locations worldwide, we have the resources to execute projects virtually anywhere, even under the most challenging conditions. We can quickly mobilize our people and equipment and procure the materials needed for virtually any work location. In areas that lack infrastructure, we establish off-site fabrication and assembly facilities and ship components to the installation site. And we direct hire and train local craftsmen whenever possible, providing a pool of skilled people who understand our tools and processes.

CB&I began offering ESD™ Egg-Shaped Digester systems in 1989, and we’ve made a number of advancements over the years. We introduced the use of steel instead of concrete for faster and more economical digester construction. We also designed an innovative jet pump mixing system and an internal discharge system to improve reliability and reduce maintenance costs.

Our specialty is providing complete design-build services on a lump-sum, turnkey basis for both new digester construction and revamps. As a true EPC company, we are a single-source provider of process technology, systems design, fabrication, installation and start-up services for water customers all over the world. Our experience and project expertise result in reduced costs, better quality control, and shortened project schedules for our customers.

Making a good thing better. We’ve designed and installed more than 70 ESD systems. We design digesters that utilize either a conventional mechanical draft tube mixing system or our proprietary jet pump draft tube mixing system. The jet pump system requires less energy for mixing and provides draft tube mixing without internal moving parts. We’ve also developed an internal liquid discharge system that utilizes gas-tight, positive-pressure containment. These innovations add up to lower operating and maintenance costs, increased reliability and minimized odor emissions for our customers.

In addition, we offer foam-in-place insulation to improve temperature control and prevent moisture penetration. Using our own proprietary equipment, we apply closed-cell polyurethane foam to the digester’s outer shell at the project site.

Photo courtesy of Black & Veatch

Efficient treatment systems. The Egg-Shaped Digester is one of the most efficient and cost-effective anaerobic systems for sludge treatment. Its double-curvature shape, small top liquid surface area and liquid mixing system help reduce scum, grit build-ups and dead zones. Thus, the vessel does not have to be taken out of service for cleaning. The ESD system also provides a smaller footprint, improved reliability, enhanced process control and reduced maintenance, all leading to reduced energy demand.

With more than a century of experience serving the water industry, we have the expertise to design and build ESD systems that meet specific customer requirements. We’ve delivered digesters that accommodate a variety of capacity needs, geographic and climactic situations, space limitations and aesthetic concerns. And our true EPC approach means our customers receive the results they expect, on time and on budget.

CB&I is the original provider of the ClariCone^® solids contact clarifier for potable water and wastewater treatment. CB&I's experience and know-how is unparalleled with well over 300 ClariCone clarifier installations on a variety of applications, treating in excess of 700 million gallons per day. As the only supplier that provides complete engineering, fabrication, construction and commissioning on an in-house basis, CB&I has the resources to deliver each project successfully.

We’ve been providing complete design-build services for the water industry for more than a century. We are one of the few EPC companies that have the integrated resources to perform nearly all aspects of a project—from front-end design through construction—ourselves. This single-source approach helps us control quality, manage costs and deliver superior results. In fact, a number of our ClariCone clarifier projects have garnered awards for engineering excellence from the American Consulting Engineer’s Council.

The economics of good design. The ClariCone clarifier’s design makes it more economical to operate and maintain than other water treatment systems. Mixing, tapered flocculation and sedimentation all take place within a completely hydraulically driven vessel. They are constructed entirely without mixers, scrapers, recycle pumps or other continuously moving parts, eliminating the need for oil changes and gear overhauls.

The ClariCone clarifier maintains a dense, suspended, rotating slurry blanket that provides excellent solids contact, accelerated floc formation and exceptional solids capture. Thus, chemical usage is reduced and O&M costs are minimized. The conically shaped concentrator maximizes the slurry discharge concentration and allows plant personnel to visually monitor slurry discharge.

Click to enlarge

Other benefits of the ClariCone clarifier include:

• Space savings—The area beneath the ClariCone clarifier’s conical shell can be used for other equipment, and the small diameter of the lower cylinder reduces foundation costs.
• Stability—The large mass of retained slurry and unique helical flow pattern prevent short-circuiting and resist upsets.
• Intermittent operation—Following a shutdown, the ClariCone clarifier can be restarted in minutes, compared to hours or days for conventional units.

We also offer our patented FiltraCone™ modular water treatment system. The FiltraCone system brings together the ClariCone calrifier with self-backwashing peripheral filters in a fully enclosed system, providing exceptional treated water quality with minimal maintenance, power use and cost.

Our company is unsurpassed in water industry expertise. With a century of experience and thousands of water storage and treatment projects to our credit, we have a record of proven results and in-depth knowledge. Contact: water@CBI.com

The Hydropillar^® elevated tank is one of the most popular styles of elevated water storage tanks in use today. The tank has a large, strong support pillar, an attractive appearance and a multipurpose interior space.

Our experience in providing turnkey design, engineering and construction services to the water industry is unsurpassed. We built our first elevated water storage tank in 1894 and have since completed more than 25,000 elevated tanks. We built the original Hydropillar in 1962. Today, our experience includes more than 900 of these tanks, including both the tallest and the largest-capacity Hydropillar elevated tanks ever built.

Sturdy construction, flexible design. Hydropillar elevated tanks are all-steel, all-welded structures that feature large-diameter support columns (pillars) with attractive vertical flutes. The pillar offers excellent stiffness to earthquake loads, superior suitability for low load-bearing soil, and unobstructed access for exterior inspection and maintenance. Properly maintained and operated, a Hydropillar will provide many years of dependable service.

One reason our Hydropillar style is so popular is because of its flexible design. We can configure the space inside the pillar for use as offices, meeting rooms, as a pump or fire station, or for equipment and machinery storage. Alternatively, this space can be reserved for future expansion as funds permit. The pillar provides sufficient space for multiple floors, and exterior windows can be installed.

Standard Hydropillar elevated tanks may be designed for storage capacities ranging from 200,000 gallons to more than 4,000,000 gallons. We also offer an alternative wineglass design for smaller Hydropillars ranging in capacity from 100,000 gallons to 400,000 gallons.

Our standard Hydropillar elevated tank design provides a 40-foot head range that minimizes pumping costs and variations in water pressure, which saves our customers money and provides worry-free service. For added safety and security, we design all our elevated tanks with internal access ladders and solid, flush threshold steel doors.

Providing a turnkey approach. We are one of the few companies with the capability to self-perform all facets of a water storage project, including design, foundation construction, fabrication, tank construction, painting and maintenance. This turnkey approach helps us minimize costs, adhere to project schedules, control quality and minimize the customer’s risk. We provide single-point responsibility for the entire project—and we do it for a fixed-price—so our customers can focus on their core business activities. Contact: water@CBI.com

Specification, Drawings and Brochure for CB&I Hydropillar® Elevated Water Storage Tanks:

Hydropillar® Elevated Tank Specification
Hydropillar® Elevated Tank Drawings
Hydropillar® Elevated Tank Brochure

Over the past two decades, we’ve built numerous Composite Elevated Tanks (CETs) across the United States. CETs combine the tensile strength of steel with the compressive characteristics of concrete. The result is a long-lasting water storage tank that’s cost effective to operate in larger sizes.

With reinforced support pedestals and stainless steel risers, our CETs require minimal maintenance, reducing long-term ownership costs. We offer straight, truncated tank designs as well as Waterspheroid^® tanks, which provide less surface area to maintain. The concrete pedestal exterior is distinctive and attractive and ensures a completely dry interior. The durable exterior coating of the steel tank can be customized.

Increased safety and efficiency. All our CETs feature solid, flush threshold steel doors and internal access ladders for added security and safety. The pedestal may be designed with an interior control room and additional space that can be used for offices, fire stations and other facilities.

We offer a variety of options for our tanks, including heat tracing, dual risers, roof handrails, free-span floors, seal welding, cathodic protection, lightning protection, altitude valves, fail-safe roof vents, lighting and more.

Proven expertise. We have the in-house expertise and facilities to provide complete design-build services for water storage projects. Our people are experts in engineering, fabricating, welding, quality assurance, construction and painting water tanks. This comprehensive approach helps us minimize costs, adhere to project schedules and control quality.

Our record in the design and construction of water storage is unmatched. We built our first elevated water storage tank in 1884 and have been improving the concept ever since. We developed a unique trailing scaffold system that makes construction safer and more efficient while improving inspection access. Our standard dome-roof design minimizes internal structural members, reducing the incidence of underside corrosion. And we’ve been instrumental in the development of AWWA standards and ACI guidelines for Composite Elevated Tanks. Contact: water@CBI.com.

Both reservoirs and standpipes are ground-level water storage tanks that can be built to virtually any capacity and dimension. Reservoirs have a greater diameter than height, and standpipes have a greater height than diameter.

Over the past century, CB&I has built thousands of reservoirs and standpipes that have provided many decades of service. These tanks have ranged in capacity from under 1,000,000 gallons to 34,000,000 gallons.

A full-service solution. Our specialty is providing lump-sum, turnkey EPC services to the water industry. We have the in-house resources to self-perform all facets of water storage projects, including preliminary planning, design, foundation construction, fabrication, tank construction, painting and maintenance.

Our single-source approach allows us to control costs, shorten project schedules and ensure every step of the project is carried out according to our quality standards. With one of best safety records in the industry, we reduce the tank owner's risk.

Choosing a tank option. We assist customers in selecting the best tank configuration for their requirements. Reservoirs offer economical and effective storage, especially when located on high ground. Because they have lower profiles, they can easily be concealed by foliage. Standpipes' taller design allows water above the operating range to typically provide gravity-fed pressure; the water below the standpipes' operating range provides reserve storage.

Our reservoirs and standpipes are constructed entirely of welded steel. One of the greatest advantages of welded steel tanks, compared with bolted steel or concrete tanks, is that they provide leak-free service. Properly maintained and operated, welded steel tanks offer an extremely long life and are well suited for high seismic zones or high wind load applications. Some steel tanks have been in service for more than 100 years.

A variety of options. We design our tanks with a number of standard features such as manholes, painted ladders, overflow to grade, anti-climb guards, roof handrails, fail-safe roof vents, and inlets/outlets with silt stops. Tanks can be designed with ellipsoidal, toriconical, dome or cone roofs. We also offer a variety of optional features such as lettering, logos and decorative graphics; decorative pilasters; safety cages; balconies; external lighting; telemetry; and cathodic and lightning protection.

Other tank options include our patented FreshMix^™ circulation system. Our FreshMix system helps ensure that fresh water and chlorine residual are maintained throughout, eliminating taste and odor problems that may result from stagnation.

Throughout the water industry, we are regarded as a leader in the design and construction of water storage tanks. We pioneered the transition to welded steel tanks in the 1930s, designed and constructed the world's largest steel reservoir in 1986 and pioneered the bent-plate roof option, which eliminates the need for seal welding and reduces areas where corrosion may occur.  Contact: water@CBI.com

Specification and Brochure for CB&I Reservoirs & Standpipes:

Reservoir & Standpipe Specification
Reservoir & Standpipe Brochure

CB&I developed the Waterspheroid^® tank in 1954 as a larger-capacity alternative to our original Watersphere^® tank. Today, the Waterspheroid tank is our most popular style of elevated water storage tank, providing reliable service to thousands of municipalities and industries.

Waterspheroid tanks are available with storage capacities of 150,000 to 2,000,000 gallons. Sleek and attractive in appearance, they offer low capital and maintenance costs, and their small footprint requires minimal land.

We provide complete engineering, procurement and construction services for Waterspheroid tank projects. Utilizing our own in-house resources, we perform everything from foundation work, design and fabrication to tank construction and painting. This true EPC approach helps us minimize costs, adhere to project schedules, control quality and reduce the customer's risk.

Offering a variety of tank features. Standard features for our Waterspheroid tanks include flush threshold steel doors with deadbolt locks, providing easy access for authorized personnel and preventing unauthorized entry. Interior ladders facilitate access during inclement weather while minimizing unauthorized tank access, vandalism and unsightly graffiti. The tank bell or pedestal provides space that can be used for storage or as housing for telecommunications equipment, pumps, valves, piping and controls.

We also offer a number of optional features, including our patented FreshMix^™ system, which circulates the water to prevent stagnation. With no moving parts, the FreshMix system is easy and economical to maintain. Other options include decorative graphics and logos, cathodic and lightning protection, overhead doors, double personnel doors, stainless steel risers and overflows, tank drains, FAA lighting, intermediate platforms, instrumentation and telemetry.

Our optional water tank coating inspection and maintenance program provides inspections, repairs and preventive maintenance that can greatly extend the useful life of the tank-all for a reasonable annual fee.

Improving the tank concept. Our record in the design and construction of water storage is unmatched. Over the past century, we've built more than 25,000 elevated water tanks, pioneered better tank designs and storage technologies, and developed a unique trailing scaffold system that makes construction safer and more efficient while improving inspection access. Contact: water@CBI.com

Specification, Drawings and Brochure for CB&I Watersphere® Water Storage Tanks:

Waterspheroid® Elevated Tank Specification
Waterspheroid® Elevated Tank Drawings
Waterspheroid® Elevated Tank Brochure
FreshMix™ Water Storage Mixing System

For half a century, CB&I has focused on providing superior solutions for liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage. Our projects include more than 200 LNG storage tanks throughout the world, including the world's first double-wall storage and full containment tanks.

We provide comprehensive design-build services for LNG storage tanks and LNG facilities. We deliver projects on a lump-sum, turnkey basis, using our own resources to provide engineering, conceptual design, detail design, facility optimization, project planning and management, procurement, fabrication, construction, commissioning and operator training.

A smart way to do business. Our true EPC business model translates into reduced total cost of ownership for our customers. This approach also enables us to shorten project schedules, minimize the customer's risk and maintain rigorous quality control through every step of the project. We provide single-point responsibility so our customers don't have to worry about the delays, inefficiencies and duplication of effort that can occur when multiple contractors are involved.

For every LNG storage project, we carefully evaluate the customer's requirements and recommend the solution that provides the greatest long-term value. Our team of experienced civil, structural and construction engineers strives to optimize the entire storage tank project rather than focusing on a particular component.

Global, yet local. With offices worldwide, we have the resources to design and build LNG storage tanks in any location and under all types of logistical constraints. Our people have the localized knowledge to provide front-end permitting and regulatory compliance support all the way through startup. We direct-hire and train local field personnel whenever possible, and we can quickly mobilize large erection crews anywhere they are needed.

Our unique business model, integrated resources and global presence translate into low-risk, high-value LNG storage solutions for our customers. We provide a variety of LNG storage options, including:

• Single containment tanks - Our single containment tanks typically feature a primary liquid containment open-top inner tank, a carbon steel primary vapor containing outer tank and an earthen dike for secondary liquid containment.
• Full containment tanks - Full-containment tanks typically feature a primary liquid containment open-top inner tank and a concrete outer tank. The outer tank provides primary vapor containment and secondary liquid containment. In the unlikely event of a leak, the outer tank contains the liquid and provides controlled release of the vapor.

CB&I has been a leader in the design and construction of LNG facilities for half a century. We provide a true EPC solution, performing the work from start to finish, and providing a lump-sum price for the project. Our services include conceptual design, detail engineering, material procurement, fabrication, project management, construction, permitting support, commissioning, startup and operator training.

A world leader. We have extensive experience in LNG projects, so we understand our customers’ business in-depth.Our portfolio of LNG projects includes more than 40 LNG terminals and peak shaving facilities and 200 LNG storage tanks. We’ve built marine regasification terminals for LNG customers in Puerto Rico, Turkey, Russia, Dominican Republic and the United States, providing complete design, engineering, fabrication and construction of terminal receiving, storage, vapor handling and sendout systems.

Innovative solutions. More than a century of project management experience has given us the expertise to develop specialized solutions for our customers. We designed and built the first marine LNG storage and distribution terminal in the United States, and over the years we’ve developed a number of proprietary processes and technologies that benefit our LNG customers. Our recent technological advances include:

• Cost-efficient processes for condensing boil-off gas more economically
• Patented BTU reduction processes that are seamlessly integrated into the design of regasification facilities for the management of gas heating value
• Semi-automatic ultrasonic equipment and test procedures for examining tank welds

These innovations allow us to design and build terminals that provide low total cost of ownership and enable our customers to meet quality and safety standards.

A true EPC approach. We have the people and expertise to perform the entire project from start to finish with our own integrated resources. Our in-house operations include procurement offices, fabrication facilities and specialized construction crews around the world. Whenever possible, we direct-hire and train local labor.

Our people are highly skilled in the design and construction of the full scope of an LNG regasification terminal including: loading and offloading systems, boil-off and flash vapor handling systems, storage tanks and secondary containment, primary and secondary pumping, regasification process systems, fire/hazard detection and protection, communication and security-monitoring systems, civil structure and foundations, process controls, piping systems and power distribution.

We execute our LNG projects on an EPC lump-sum, turnkey basis. This allows us to minimize capital costs, adhere to the project schedule, optimize the integration of plant processes and minimize the customer’s risk.

CB&I has been a leading provider of engineering, procurement and construction services for LNG facilities for four decades. With increasing worldwide demand for clean sources of power, a fast growing segment of our business is constructing peak shaving plants.

We’ve designed and built peak shaving plants around the world with liquefaction capacities of 1–20 million standard cubic feet per day. Our projects have included complete peak shaving facilities—including pre-treatment, liquefaction, storage and sendout systems; satellite peak shavers; stand-alone liquefaction systems; plant revamps; retrofits; and expansions. Our capabilities for LNG peakshaving facilities include gas metering, CO₂ removal, dehydration, liquefaction, boiloff/flash gas recovery, gas vaporization, truck loading and unloading and fire protection.

Providing value-added service. We execute our projects with a true EPC approach, performing every aspect of the project ourselves and doing the work for a fixed price. Our turnkey services for peak shaving projects include process and detailed design, feasibility studies, material supply, fabrication, construction, pre-commissioning, plant startup and operator training. We have extensive permitting and siting experience and have assisted a number of customers with Federal Energy and Regulatory Commission (FERC) applications.

We believe our business model provides the best value and lowest total cost of ownership for our customers. Providing single-point responsibility for the compete project allows us to control costs, shorten project schedules, minimize the customer’s risk and ensure all work is completed according to our high standards. Our clients can focus on their core business instead of managing multiple contractors.

Unparalleled experience. We have a proven track record of commitment and innovation in the LNG industry. In addition to building the first peak shaver, we participated in early cryogenic research, constructed the first LNG import terminal in the United States and built the world’s first full containment tank for LNG. Our more recent innovations include proprietary methods for liquefaction, tank insulation, BTU reduction and inlet air cooling.

We are recognized for having the resources to design and build LNG projects anywhere in the world, even under the most challenging conditions. We operate an extensive global network of engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction facilities that allow us to quickly mobilize project resources wherever they are needed. And with offices worldwide, we have people who understand the legislation, culture and business practices of the communities where we work. We direct-hire and train local field personnel whenever possible, providing a pool of skilled craftsmen who understand our systems, process and tools.

At CB&I, we are focused on delivering innovative LNG solutions and superior project results. Our true EPC business model, combined with our industry expertise, global resources and proprietary technologies, has resulted in one of the best performance records in the industry. Contact:  lng@CBI.com

CB&I has extensive experience with the key processes and equipment that are utilized in baseload natural gas liquefaction plants. Our experience in each of these process areas is described below.

Receiving and gas metering experience. CB&I has designed a number of plants where ultrasonic custody transfer metering facilities have been installed, including the metering facilities on the PERU LNG project, two ultrasonic metering packages on the Buzzard Offshore Platform project, and ultrasonic meter systems on other gas plant and LNG import terminal projects.

Acid gas removal experience. CB&I has designed and constructed more than 20 acid gas removal systems for gas plants and LNG peak shaving facilities.

• Experience includes MEA, DEA, AMDEA, Sulfinol and Flexsorb solvents and engineering licensed design packages by Shell, BASF, UOP, Ineos, DOW, Black & Veatch, ELF, Exxon Mobil and Ucarsol.
• Our experience in CO₂ removal includes projects up to a 3,310 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD) flow rate, feed gas CO₂ levels of 0.8 to 71% and treated CO₂ concentrations of down to 50 parts per million (PPM).
• Representative projects include Yankee Gas, Liquid Carbonic, BP Cusiana, Kinder-Morgan, Williams Energy, Duke Energy, Union Pacific Resources and Koch Midstream.

Dehydration experience. CB&I has designed and constructed more than 35 dehydration systems using 2 and 3-bed mol sieves with capacities ranging from 62 to 650 MMSCFD.

Representative projects include the PERU LNG project and numerous LNG peak shaving facilities for clients such as Memphis LGW and Pine Needle and gas processing projects such as Enterprise, Hunt/PERU LNG, Pioneer Natural Resources, Dynegy, Williams, and Duke

Mercury removal experience. CB&I has designed mercury removal systems on 14 projects ranging in capacity from 62 to 880 MMSCFD. This includes:

• The PERU LNG project which utilizes activated carbon absorbers.
• The Buzzard project which has two 'Mersorb' beds treating gas from 134 μg/Nm³ to 10 ng/ Nm³.
• Other projects included carbon bed, Hg-Siv and metal oxide technologies.

Other clients include Duke Energy, Marathon Alba, Enterprise, Hunt/ PlusPetrol, Enron and EnCana USA.

Refrigeration experience. CB&I has had experience with refrigeration systems on 15 projects in the last 15 years ranging in capacity from 62 to 1000 MMSCFD. This includes:

• Experience with Air Products and Chemicals (APCI) main cryogenic heat exchanger on PERU LNG, Woodside, NLNG and MLNG.
• Experience with gas turbines up to 34 megawatts (MW).
• CB&I installed 2 – Fr 7 GT's with Nuovo Pignone compressors for NLNG and 1 – Fr 7 GT with Nuovo Pignone compressor for Woodside LNG.
• Other smaller natural gas fired turbine compressors on numerous other gas processing projects, such as a GE Frame 5 turbine with an Elliott compressor for Koch Hydrocarbons.

LNG storage and loading systems. CB&I is one of the leading contractors for LNG storage and loading systems. This experience includes:

• Design and construction of approximately 220 LNG storage tanks, the majority were double-wall single containment storage tanks up to 200,000 cubic meters (m³).
• In-tank loading pumps, BOG compressors, condensers, loading arms and jetty top works associated with the 75 LNG terminals and peak shaving plants designed by CB&I.

Offsites and utilities. CB&I capabilities include work that is done outside the scope of the LNG facility itself. These capabilities extend to plant utilities and may also include piping and other connections to offsite structures.

CB&I has designed and built refrigerated and cryogenic storage systems for liquefied gases for nearly 50 years. Over the years, we've delivered nearly 1,000 refrigerated storage tanks and spheres and more than 150 turnkey design-build liquefied gas storage terminals around the globe.

Low temperature tanks can store products at temperatures as low as -60°F (-51°C); cryogenic systems store liquids at temperatures as low as -452°F (-268°C). We provide low temperature and cryogenic storage tanks for the entire range of liquefied gases including butadiene, butane, ammonia, chlorine, propane, propylene, carbon dioxide, LNG, LPG, ethylene, oxygen, argon, nitrogen and hydrogen.

LPG Terminals. CB&I provides single-source design and construction of terminals for importing, exporting and storing liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). We can deliver a complete terminal, including pipelines; vessels for storing LPG at either full-pressure or refrigerated conditions; boil-off compressors; refrigeration, pumping and heating systems; rail sides; ship/truck loading and unloading facilities; and fire protection systems. By providing single-point responsibility, we can optimize the entire project, rather than focusing on a single component. This comprehensive approach can translate into shorter schedules and lower costs for our customers.

Providing added value. We execute many of our storage tank projects on a lump-sum, turnkey basis, performing every phase of the project with our in-house resources and providing a single point of contact for our customers. This true EPC approach is possible because we have a vast global network of engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction resources that allow us to quickly mobilize people, material and equipment wherever they are needed.

Our integrated business model translates into shorter project schedules, lower costs, improved quality control and reduced risk for the customer. Our clients can focus on their core business operations instead of worrying about the inevitable work overlaps, delays and inefficiencies that occur when multiple contractors are involved.

Scope and expertise. The scope of our refrigerated and cryogenic storage projects typically includes concept definition, design and detail engineering, specification and procurement, shop fabrication, field construction, inspection and testing, start-up and project management. Our projects have ranged from designing and building individual tanks and refrigerated process systems to entire storage terminals.

In developing these projects, we draw upon our extensive knowledge of steel structure design, fabrication, welding, thermodynamics and the physical properties of gases, fluid flow, heat transfer and chemical engineering. Tanks and their insulation systems must work together to ensure optimum performance for low temperature and cryogenic storage. Our tanks are available in three types of shell and insulation systems:

• Single wall steel tanks - This type of tank normally is used to store products at -60ºF (-51ºC) and warmer. Our single wall tank is insulated with rigid polyurethane insulation foamed-in-place between the steel shell and an aluminum jacket that serves as both a moisture vapor barrier and provides weather protection. This system offers good resistance to severe weather and fire. Its excellent vapor barrier reduces heat leakage, thus lowering operating costs.
• Double wall steel tanks - These tanks normally store products at -28ºF (-33ºC) and colder. Our double wall steel tanks provide the best possible insulation and offer excellent fire resistance, wind protection and vapor barrier integrity.
• Composite concrete and steel tanks - Composite tanks feature concrete outer shells that provide additional protection against damage and offer containment in the unlikely event of tank leakage. Used most often for storing LNG, these tanks can be designed with several foundation, shell and containment configurations.

We built the world’s first Hortonsphere^® pressure vessel in 1923, and our experience in providing this storage solution is unmatched even today. We’ve built more than 3,500 spheres worldwide.

Lower cost, higher reliability. Hortonsphere vessels economically and reliably store large volumes of liquids and gases under a wide range of pressure and temperature conditions. Their spherical shape offers uniform stress resistance, allowing the vessels to economically contain internal pressures. They require less land area yet provide more capacity than other pressure storage vessels, resulting in lower associated costs for piping, foundations, accessories and painting.

Hortonsphere vessels are used by many industries, including oil, gas, petrochemical, chemical and aerospace. They are ideal for ambient temperature liquid; low-temperature liquid; cryogenic liquid and gas storage. They also can be used as processing, testing, containment, surge and vacuum vessels or hyperbaric chambers or environmental chambers.

Superior business approach. We deliver projects on a lump-sum, turnkey basis, providing single-point responsibility for all phases of the project. This approach reduces the effort and expense that the customer must invest for project oversight. As a true engineering, procurement/fabrication and construction (EPC) contractor, we have a multinational team of experienced engineers, technicians, supervisors and craftsmen to execute the project from start to finish. Our technical base in design, analysis, testing, metallurgy, welding, material fabrication, project management and construction allows us to provide superior results.

Flexibility in storage. We erect Hortonsphere vessels in the field to provide the most economical solution for the customer. We utilize all-welded metal plate construction, quality materials, and overload testing for unparalleled safety and dependability. Once in service, our spheres are essentially oxygen free, which reduces corrosion and the danger of ignition.

Typical Hortonsphere vessel applications include:

• Ambient Temperature Liquid Storage—Spheres designed for liquid storage can contain a variety of products such as gasoline, anhydrous ammonia, naphtha, LPG, NGL, butadiene and water. Typical capacities range from 1,000–75,000 barrels.
• Low Temperature Liquid Storage—Low-temperature liquid Hortonspheres offer an economical, partial-refrigeration solution for storing products such as LPG. These spheres feature single walls and external insulation.
• Cryogenic Temperature Liquid Storage—Spheres designed for cryogenic storage can be used to store products such as ethylene, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, argon and LNG. These spheres feature double walls with an evacuated, perlite-filled annular space.
• Gas Storage—Hortonsphere vesssels can store large quantities of compressed gases, such as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, helium and argon. They also are used to store digester gas at sewage treatment plants or to store biogas at landfills.

CB&I offers design and construction services for import and export terminals that handle a wide variety of liquid products, including crude oil, refined products and bulk fuels. Utilizing our network of engineering, procurement and construction resources, we have successfully executed terminal projects in some of the most geographically and logistically challenging places in the world.

We can provide single-point responsibility for both greenfield projects and expansions of any size. We offer a full range of services that include feasibility studies, conceptual design, terminal siting and environmental investigation, detailed design, permitting, procurement, construction and construction management, operator training, startup and commissioning.

We execute many terminal projects on a lump-sum, turnkey basis. By providing single-point responsibility, we can better control costs and schedules, ensure project quality and minimize our customer's risk. Project oversight is simplified, so our customers have more time to focus on their core business operations.

Utilizing our worldwide resources. Our integrated approach is successful because we have an established network of engineering, procurement and fabrication resources. With locations worldwide, we have people who understand the political and regulatory issues of the communities where we work and can quickly solve problems. Our international procurement offices identify qualified suppliers, inspect their products and materials, and ensure prompt delivery of products to the job site. Our fully equipped fabrication shops provide high-quality components for our projects; for larger and more complex projects, we may establish field fabrication facilities. We have specialized construction crews around the world, and we direct-hire and train local labor whenever possible.

Our capabilities cover the full scope of terminal facilities, including marine jetties, loading and unloading systems, storage tanks, foundations, pumping facilities, fire/hazard detection and protection, communication and security systems, process controls, piping systems and power distribution. In addition, we have extensive experience in permitting and siting and can assist our customers with the permitting process.

Delivering quality and safety. No matter where our projects are located, we design and build them in strict compliance with federal and local regulations. We participate in more than two dozen international code committees, and our company-wide technical standards meet or, in many cases, exceed industry standards. We also provide comprehensive safety training for our work crews around the world, an initiative that has earned us one of the best safety records in the industry.

CB&I has more than eight decades of experience designing and building bulk liquid terminals for the oil, gas, and petrochemical industries. We specialize in building tanks that store petroleum, petrochemicals and specialty chemical products. We deliver solutions that encompass complete design-build services for all components of storage terminal projects, and we offer a complete package of EPC solutions.

With more than 30,000 tanks built in more than 100 countries, CB&I is a leader in the design and construction of bulk liquid storage facilities. In addition to tanks, CB&I has designed and built more than 100 storage terminals. We also have the ability to design and install pipelines for these facilities.

CB&I designs and builds tanks that store products at ambient temperatures. We also have considerable experience with refrigerated and cryogenic systems that store products as low as -452°F (-288°C). Over the years, we have delivered almost 1,000 refrigerated storage tanks and spheres.

Comprehensive capabilities. CB&I combines its project experience and extensive knowledge of all facets of a storage terminal to provide a comprehensive offering of bulk liquid storage terminal components, including:

• Storage tanks
• Foundations
• Ship/truck loading and unloading stations
• Marine jetties and offshore loading systems
• Process piping
• Power generation and standby power generation facilities
• Control systems
• Fire protection systems
• Buildings

We also provide EPC solutions for the product entering or exiting the terminal, including:

• Cross-country pipelines
• Subsea pipelines
• Pumping stations

Project services. Services CB&I provides for bulk liquid terminals include:

• Concept definition
• Front-end engineering studies
• Development of alternative solutions
• Project site and cost evaluations
• Design and analysis
• Code interpretation
• Regulatory agency compliance support
• Detail engineering and specifications
• Material procurement and inspection
• Site development
• Fabrication
• Construction
• Project management
• Subcontract management
• Quality assurance
• Final documentation
• Precommissioning
• Start-up
• Operator training

CB&I offers a single-point solution for the construction of marine jetties, offshore loading systems and associated facilities for the import/export of oil and gas products. Using proven project management methods and controls, we're known for delivering even the largest and most challenging projects on time and within budget.

Around the globe, we've designed and built terminals for storing and handling a variety of bulk liquids and liquefied gases, including crude oil, LPG, LNG and ammonia. We provide project and construction management services for marine jetties and other marine facilities. We also build associated terminal components such as ship unloading and loading systems; refrigeration and vapor handling equipment; storage tanks; regasification facilities; dikes and spill control facilities; pump-out systems; and piping connections.

Managing projects effectively. We add value for our customers by providing single-point responsibility for large and complex projects. This approach allows our customers to spend more time on their core business operations and less time managing multiple contractors. We've succeeded because, for more than a century, we've been developing best practices, tools and internal controls to effectively manage costs, shorten schedules and reduce the customer's risk.

To ensure project quality, we self-perform as much of the work as possible, and we direct-hire and train craftspeople from the communities where we work. We've also built solid relationships with respected international marine design and geophysical services contractors. Thus, when outside resources are required, we can ensure our projects receive the best service and quality.

Providing global expertise. We are known for our ability to complete logistically and technically complex projects almost anywhere. We've executed projects on seven continents, including some of the world's most remote locations. With more than 60 offices and construction, fabrication and procurement resources worldwide, we like to say that we are "global, yet local." We can rapidly mobilize materials and equipment and other resources wherever they are needed, and we have people who can provide in-depth expertise on the business practices and regulations of the countries where we work.

For more than a century, CB&I has delivered innovative solutions for storing products at ambient temperatures. We have more atmospheric storage tank experience than any other organization in the world, having designed and built more than 30,000 tanks in more than 100 countries.

We offer a comprehensive package of services for tank projects that includes concept definition, design and detail engineering, fabrication, procurement, site development, foundation and tank construction, painting and coating, commissioning and startup, and operator training. Our projects have included everything from single tanks to complex storage terminals.

A better way to work. We execute our projects on a lump-sum, turnkey basis, performing every phase of the work ourselves whenever possible. Our integrated business model translates into shorter project schedules, lower costs, improved quality control and reduced risk for the customer. Because we provide single-point responsibility, our customers don't have to worry about the duplication of effort, delays and design incompatibilities that can arise when multiple contractors are involved.

Our true EPC approach is possible because we have a vast global network of engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction resources. With these integrated resources, we can quickly mobilize people, material and equipment wherever they are needed. Our people are well-versed in the regulations, logistics and business practices of the communities where we work, and we direct-hire and train local labor whenever possible.

A variety of storage solutions. Our solutions include atmospheric storage systems for a variety of industries. We can provide standard storage configurations or custom-design systems for specific needs. Our expertise includes:

Fixed-roof

• Self-supporting/supported cone roofs
• Self-supporting dome roofs
• Stiffened umbrella roofs

Floating-roof

• Internal and external operations
• Welded steel pan, pontoon, or double deck designs

Special atmospheric tanks

• Open top tanks
• Elevated cone bottom tanks
• Bins
• Silos

Most tanks we design are constructed of carbon steel. We also build tanks using alternative materials such as aluminum, stainless steel, 9% nickel or specialty steels to meet specific customer requirements.

As an optional service, we offer our Total Tank Management program, which includes everything from tank inspections and cleaning, to environmental assessment reviews, repairs and modifications. This program allows our customers to concentrate on their core business while CB&I manages all tank related activities, providing cost-effective maintenance and regulatory compliance.

Over the past century we've developed a number of patented design details and construction techniques for safer, better-performing and longer-lasting tanks. Our broad experience, technical capabilities and global construction resources enable us to offer a wide range of storage solutions and superior results to our customers.

CB&I is a leading provider of synthesis gas (syngas) generation plants for refinery and petrochemical applications. Over the past 35 years, we've designed and built plants around the world that produce high-purity hydrogen and carbon monoxide streams.

Leaders in syngas solutions. Our syngas solutions include hydrogen/carbon monoxide (HYCO) plants and carbon monoxide (CO) plants that utilize steam methane reforming (SMR), autothermal reforming (ATR) or partial oxidation (POX) technology. (For customers requiring pure hydrogen streams, we also design and build hydrogen plants.) The choice of process technology depends on the desired H₂/CO ratio, feedstock, oxygen availability and cost, environmental considerations and other factors.

SMR-type plants with a design capacity of more than 7 million standard cubic feet per day incorporate our proprietary HYFORMING™ box reformer furnace technology. Plants with a design capacity of up to 7 million standard cubic feet per day feature our proprietary H₂Drogen™ cylindrical reformer furnace technology. Both technologies combine efficient energy utilization and superior performance with safety and ease of operation.

Offering construction options. We execute plant projects using modular or conventional "stick-built" construction, depending on the specific project requirements. Modular plants are pre-assembled at our in-house fabrication facilities, allowing us to exercise rigorous quality control and reduce delays due to adverse weather. Our crews can test fit components in the shop, eliminating the potential for time-consuming and expensive fitting errors in the field.

Modular construction also reduces the impact of the project on the customer's site, an important benefit when the project is located within an operating plant. Less in-air fieldwork reduces the customer's risk, and requirements for on-site skilled labor are minimized. In addition, various aspects of the project – such as permitting, fabrication and shipping arrangements – can be accomplished concurrently, compressing the project schedule.

Our services for syngas projects include conceptual design, detailed engineering, procurement, fabrication, construction, start-up and operator training. We execute most projects on a lump-sum, turnkey basis, handling everything from concept to startup with our own resources whenever possible. Our unique approach is possible because we have a vast network of integrated engineering, welding, fabrication, procurement and construction resources that can quickly be mobilized to virtually any project location.

By providing single-source responsibility for projects, we are able to shorten project schedules, control quality, minimize costs and reduce the customer's risk. This eliminates the duplication of effort, delays and incompatible designs that can arise when multiple contractors perform the work and gives our customers more time to focus on their core operations.

CB&I PSA Technology

CB&I’s continuous improvement philosophy is backed by our ongoing program of adsorbent characterization, separation design and validation at our Technology Development Center.  CB&I cyclic adsorption plants are engineered using the best adsorbent technologies from leaders in the fields of zeolites, activated carbons, silica gels and aluminas – delivering specifically-tailored, optimum solutions to each customer separation.  CB&I can also engineer cyclic separations using your proprietary adsorbents and/or pilot plant data, improving performance while reducing risk and investment cost.

CB&I MARS® Gas Recovery Plants

CB&I’s long-standing capabilities in gas processing and hydrogen generation uniquely prepare us to offer turnkey gas recovery plants, even at small flow rates. CB&I systems include gas compression, pre-treatment, heat exchange using Lummus HELIXCHANGER® technology, and CB&I PSA, alone or in combination with other separation technologies to address customer challenges in:

• Debottlenecking and hydrogen optimization
• Flared process gas
• Vent streams in petrochemical and refining unit operations
• Dilute streams bearing noble gases
• Hydrogen from syngas

The results are cost savings, lower energy requirements and a cleaner environment – with leadtimes that are the fastest in the industry.

• Complete turnkey modular system – delivered to site by sea, road or air
• Small footprint
• Distributed gas separation (multiple units at key process facilities) can dramatically reduce piping and structural EPC costs compared with traditional, centralized gas separation
• Turnkey solution from design through commissioning, including integration into existing process systems

With a total installed base of more than 100 PSA systems and hundreds of modular hydrogen plants, CB&I has the experience and capabilities to design and deliver a reliable gas recovery solution that offers substantial savings and outstanding performance.

CB&I has the most extensive global experience of any tank construction company in the industry, having built in excess of 46,000 storage tanks in more than 100 countries on all seven continents. Our storage solutions for the upstream and downstream oil & gas markets include atmospheric tanks, bulk liquid terminals, marine jetties and offshore loading systems, low temperature and cryogenic systems, and pressure spheres.

CB&I is a leading supplier of hydrogen plants for refinery, petrochemical and other industrial applications. In addition to EPC services, we offer proprietary reformer furnace technology that provides superior performance and efficient energy utilization. Over the past 35 years, we've designed and built more than 170 plants around the world that range in capacity from less than 1 million standard cubic feet per day to 90 million standard cubic feet per day.

Our services for hydrogen plant projects typically include conceptual design, detailed engineering, procurement, fabrication, construction, start-up and operator training. We provide a lump-sum, turnkey solution, handling everything from concept to start-up with our own resources whenever possible. This true EPC approach is possible because we maintain a global network of engineering, welding, fabrication, procurement and construction resources that can quickly be mobilized to virtually any location.

We believe our unique business model delivers the best value and lowest total cost of ownership for our customers. By providing single-source responsibility, we are able to shorten project schedules, minimize costs, provide improved quality control and reduce the customer's risk. Our customers can focus on their core operations instead of worrying about the duplication of effort, delays and incompatible designs that can arise when multiple contractors perform the work.

The benefits of modular construction. We execute plant projects using modular or conventional "stick-built" construction, depending on the specific project requirements. In many cases, modular construction provides the most efficient, cost-effective results. Modular plants are pre-assembled at our in-house fabrication facilities and can be shipped virtually anywhere in the world for field installation. Fabricating the components in-house allows for more stringent quality control and shorter project schedules. Crews can test fit components in the shop, eliminating the potential for time-consuming and expensive fitting errors in the field.

Modular construction also minimizes the impact of the project on the customer's site, an important benefit when the project is located within an operating plant. Delays due to inclement weather are reduced, and in-air fieldwork is minimized, which reduces the customer's risk and local labor costs. Also, various aspects of the project – such as permitting, fabrication and shipping arrangements – can be accomplished concurrently, compressing the project schedule.

Hydrogen plant technologies. We design and build hydrogen plants that utilize steam-methane reforming (SMR), steam/oxygen reforming (SMR/O₂R) or auto-thermal reforming (ATR) technology with natural gas, LPG or naphtha feedstocks. We also provide plants that utilize partial oxidation (POX) technology with natural gas, naphtha or heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks.

SMR is the most widely used technology for hydrogen plants. SMR-type plants with a design capacity of more than 7 million standard cubic feet per day incorporate our proprietary HYFORMING™ box reformer furnace technology. Plants with a design capacity of up to 7 million standard cubic feet per day feature our proprietary H₂Drogen™ cylindrical reformer furnace technology. Both technologies combine efficient energy utilization and superior performance with safety and ease of operation.

Petroleum refiners and petrochemical manufacturers need a reliable supply of high-quality hydrogen for their operations. We offer solutions that are suited for a variety of feedstocks, capacity requirements, and other criteria. And our proven, innovative technologies deliver superior long-term value, low life-cycle costs and reliable performance. Contact: hydrogen@CBI.com

Steam methane reforming (SMR) is the most widely utilized technology for producing hydrogen and synthesis gas from natural gas feedstocks. Over the past 35 years, CB&I has built more than 170 SMR furnaces that produce high-purity gas streams for industrial applications.

Innovative SMR technologies. We offer two proprietary SMR technologies – HYFORMING™ and H₂Drogen™ – to accommodate a variety of hydrogen and synthesis gas production needs. Our proprietary HYFORMING furnace technology was designed for SMR-type plants with a design capacity of more than 7 million standard cubic feet per day. The HYFORMING process utilizes a state-of-the-art down-fired, down-flow co-current box SMR furnace, providing superior process performance within a robust mechanical environment.

For lower-capacity plants (up to 7 million standard cubic feet per day), we offer our proprietary H₂Drogen technology, which utilizes an up-fired, up-flow co-current cylindrical SMR furnace. H₂Drogen technology results in economical, reliable and energy-efficient hydrogen production.

Design advantages. The co-current flow design of our HYFORMING and H₂Drogen technologies offers increased stability, longer reformer life and optimum heat transfer. In addition, both technologies feature simplified outlet header systems, accessible tubes for easy catalyst loading and unloading, natural thermosiphon BFW circulation instead of forced circulation, and low NOx burners.

Many refiners require additional Claus sulfur recovery unit (SRU) capacity to meeting today’s emission standards, but SRU expansion and additional construction can be costly. CB&I’s patented oxygen enhancement solutions offer refiners a way to optimize the capacity of existing or new Claus plants.

We specialize in providing effective sulfur control and removal solutions to the global refining industry. A true EPC company, we provide complete design-build services for Claus plant projects on a lump-sum, turnkey basis. We’ve designed and built almost 50 new Claus sulfur recovery units and revamped more than 50 SRUs for refineries around the globe. These projects include 30 units that utilize our patented oxygen enhancement technology.

Improving upon the Claus Process. Our oxygen enhancement technologies were developed for the thermal stage of the Claus Process. When applied to new SRUs or as retrofits, these enhancements can aid in processing difficult feedstreams, increase Claus plant capacity, and reduce operating costs while optimizing sulfur recovery. Our patented oxygen enhancement solutions include: Our patented Oxygen Injector™, which overcomes the problems associated with high equivalent oxygen levels by directly injecting oxygen into the combustion zone. The device’s patented cooling system virtually eliminates thermal degradation from radiant heat. The Injector can be installed directly into most ring type burners or can easily be modified for installation into conventional burners.

• Our Oxygen Enrichment technology, which utilizes an oxygen sparger to introduce a blended oxygen stream into the combustion airline leading to the SRU reaction furnace. This cost-effective solution can be implemented with the addition of oxygen supply equipment, a control skid, the oxygen sparger, and associated piping. Modifications to the existing burner are not required.

Both technologies utilize our patented OxyPac™ advanced modular control system, which regulates the plant’s transition into and out of the oxygen-enhanced mode of operation and reduces oxygen consumption. Claus Units utilizing these innovations reliably remove 95-97% of elemental sulfur from the gas stream. The feedstock can be sent directly to a tail gas treating unit for additional sulfur recovery.

Flexible construction options. We construct process units utilizing both modular and conventional “stick-built” construction. At the outset of every project, we evaluate the customer’s requirements to determine which option provides the best value.

Oftentimes, a customer’s needs will drive towards modular fabrication and construction. Fabricating components in-house may allow for more stringent quality control, shorter project schedules and reduced costs. Minimizing the fieldwork reduces potential weather delays and the impact of activities at our customer’s site. In addition, various aspects of the project—such as permitting, fabrication and shipping arrangements—can be accomplished concurrently, potentially compressing the project schedule.

We pioneered the concept of modular process unit construction. We can fabricate and assemble modular Claus units at our in-house facilities and ship the components virtually anywhere in the world for field installation. Contact: sulfur@CBI.com

CB&I supplies sour water stripping units for the removal of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia from refinery wastewater. Around the world, we have designed and built more than 30 sour water stripping units with capacities of 32 to 925 gallons per minute.

Our sour water strippers are designed to provide superior energy efficiency and enhanced performance. We incorporate proprietary features such as low-pressure feed flash drums for maximum hydrocarbon separation and light hydrocarbon removal; optimized steam-to-feed ratios for cost-effective compliance with effluent specifications; and innovative applications of corrosion-resistant materials.

Integrated process solutions. We offer a full spectrum of sulfur control solutions to help refiners meet fuel quality standards and environmental regulations. We can seamlessly integrate our sour water stripping units with our Claus sulfur recovery plants, tail gas treaters, thermal incineration units and other processing units for maximum performance and efficiency.

We execute most projects on a lump-sum, turnkey basis. Our comprehensive services for sulfur-control projects include feasibility studies, front-end engineering design, detail engineering, HAZOP analyses, procurement, fabrication, construction, startup, commissioning and operator training. By offering a complete EPC services package, we consistently deliver systems that provide superior long-term value-often at lower costs and on shorter schedules.

Effective project execution. We carefully plan and execute our projects to minimize disruption to plant operations. In many cases, we utilize modular construction methods, prefabricating and assembling the units at our shops and shipping them to the installation site. By performing much of the work at our own facilities, we minimize on-site requirements for lay-down space, enhance safety and quality control and can minimize delays due to inclement weather. Contact: sulfur@CBI.com.

Amine treating is one of the most widely used and cost-effective methods of removing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from hydrocarbon streams. CB&I's sulfur-control solutions for refiners include reliable specialty and conventional amine plants to meet a variety of specifications.

We've designed and built more than 35 amine units for major refiners around the world. Executing projects on a lump-sum, turnkey basis, we provide a full range of services that include feasibility and HAZOP studies, front-end engineering design, detail engineering, procurement, fabrication, construction, start-up, commissioning and operator training.

Sulfur-control expertise. We've drawn upon our extensive experience in sulfur-control and oil and gas processing to offer the most effective and reliable amine treating technology available. We design both specialty and conventional amine units to accommodate a variety of capacity needs, gas-flow rates and other customer specifications. Specialty units may include features such as regenerator/stripper controls to minimize acid gas to flaring, and low-pressure flash drums to optimize liquid hydrocarbon separation and light hydrocarbon removal.

Whenever possible, we perform every phase of the work with our own in-house resources. This integrated approach is possible because we are one of the few engineering firms to maintain in-house fabrication facilities, and we've assembled a global network of top-notch engineering, procurement, and construction resources. We believe that "building what we design and designing what we build" provides the best value for our customers and allows us to deliver superior results and shorter project schedules, often at lower costs.

Efficient construction techniques. We build sulfur-processing facilities utilizing both modular and conventional construction methods, depending on the project requirements. Modular units are fabricated by skilled craftspeople at our in-house shops and can be shipped anywhere for installation. Thus, fieldwork is minimized, resulting in fewer weather delays and reducing the impact of the project on the customer's site. By fabricating components in our shop, under controlled conditions, we can ensure all work meets our quality and safety standards. This also minimizes "in-air" work, which can reduce the customer's risk. Modular construction also can lower labor costs by reducing on-site requirements for highly skilled craftspeople.

When it comes to field-erection, we are unsurpassed. Our in-house construction technology experts provide construction engineering and consulting services to our project teams and customers worldwide. We constantly seek better methods, tools and equipment for safely erecting high quality structures more efficiently. And we've developed specialized equipment for performing heavy lifts in congested work areas and rigging techniques to make elevated work safer. Contact: sulfur@CBI.com.

There’s no room for error when it comes to compliance. At CB&I, our customers count on us to deliver efficient and reliable sulfur-recovery systems to meet today’s stringent emissions standards.

We’ve installed more than 40 tail gas treating units—with capacities from 4 to 800 long tons per day —that employ our patented Resulf™ technology to recover remaining sulfur compounds from the Claus process. Able to use nearly any amine, these units meet the 99.9% recovery requirement mandated by most environmental agencies. We also offer proprietary thermal incinerators that combust and destroy tail gases and absorber vent gases.

Providing tailored solutions. We custom-design our solutions using both proprietary and licensed technologies to meet each customer’s particular requirements. We work with customers to design entirely new tail gas treating systems or to retrofit existing systems.

A full range of services. We provide safe, highly reliable sulfur removal facilities and also consult with refiners to help them improve existing operations. We can perform anything from a simple capacity operation study to a complex sulfur processing audit.

Offering conceptual design through commissioning and everything in between, we have extensive capabilities to meet any retrofit or new installation need. Our services include front-end treating studies; design engineering; HazOp analyses; detail engineering, procurement, fabrication/modularization and construction; and start-up, commissioning and operator training performed by our in-house engineering and project staff.

With a full complement of in-house engineering and construction expertise—plus our own fabrication facilities—we ensure that every aspect of a project is carried out according to our high standards. That’s why CB&I is one of the most trusted names in sulfur recovery.

The Resulf™ family of technologies includes:

Resulf-MM™–Reduction/absorption process that recovers sulfur compounds using virtually any amine. The Resulf-MM™ process can reliably achieve an overall recovery efficiency of 99%, and the process unit can easily converted to a Resulf™ or Resulf-10™ process.

Resulf™–Reduction/absorption process that recovers sulfur compounds using virtually any generic MDEA amine. The Resulf™ process unit can reliably achieve an overall recovery efficiency of 99.8% and can be easily converted to the Resulf-10™ process.

Resulf-10™–Reduction, absorption and regeneration process that recovers sulfur compounds using a specialty solvent. The Resulf-10™ process can reliably achieve an overall recovery efficiency of 99.99% (less than 10 parts per million H₂S in the vent stream).

To help ensure compliance, we also offer a tail gas treating unit that includes a SunDeck™ diverter valve assembly. The SunDeck™ assembly is a custom-designed valve and control system that provides zero leakage and maintenance shutoff of tail gas flow to the incinerator and tail gas unit. Contact: sulfur@CBI.com .

CB&I has designed and built thousands of process units for the global refining industry covering more than half a century. Our hydrotreating projects include more than 30 units around the world that range in capacity from a few hundred barrels per day up to more than 50,000 barrels per day.

We deliver hydrotreaters that effectively, reliably and safely remove contaminants from hydrocarbon streams, ensuring that our customers can upgrade their fuels to meet stringent specifications. Typical hydrotreating applications include nitrogen removal and aromatic saturation of various hydrocarbon streams. Typical desulfurization applications include sulfur removal from naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel fuel and lube oil streams.

Our fully integrated lump-sum, turnkey EPC services include process design, feasibility studies, computer simulations, environmental consulting, turnkey design-build construction, commissioning, startup assistance, and operator training. By fabricating most of the equipment in our wholly owned and operated fabrication shops, we provide superior quality control, safety, and installation efficiency. Our projects have included new process units, retrofits, revamps and debottlenecking of existing facilities.

Our construction methodolgoy. Our projects are successful because we develop and implement a complete construction execution plan that addresses all key project activities. Our years of experience in fixed-price supply leads to aggressive schedules and work plans to meet the needs of our customers. We execute projects using both modular and conventional “stick-built” construction, and we evaluate both options for each project in order to provide the best value to our customer.

Providing maximum prefabrication and modularization of process plants of one of our key competencies. We pioneered the concept of process plant modularization over 50 years ago and are known for our proven modularization techniques. Assembling most of the process unit at our in-house facilities, under controlled conditions, has several benefits. Modular construction minimizes delays due to inclement weather and allows tasks such as fabrication, permitting and transportation arrangements to be handled concurrently. By fabricating components in our shops, we can minimize the impact of the project on the customer's other operations and ensure all work is performed according to our exacting quality and safety standards. In addition, modular construction requires less high-skilled labor at the installation site, which can result in lower labor costs.

Single-source responsibility with fixed-price contracting is the foundation of our ability to create value and even allows us to offer cost savings to our customers. That’s why our clients include nearly every major oil producing and refining company in the world.

Finding an experienced and knowledgeable provider of catalytic reformers is critical for refiners looking to meet clean fuels requirements. CB&I is a leading engineering, procurement and construction services contractor for catalytic reformer projects. We've helped a number of major refiners expand their reforming capacity with new units or revamps of existing units.

We provide the latest available technology for both semi-regenerative and continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) reforming. Our engineers and designers are familiar with a variety of licensed and unlicensed technologies and can recommend the process and equipment that will best serve our customers' requirements. Our expertise is unmatched; we were the first U.S. company to build reformers utilizing UOP's new Cyclemax regeneration and Axens' (formerly IFP) CCR processes.

Providing vast resources. We provide a complete range of services that includes everything from front-end engineering design, detail engineering, procurement, fabrication, start-up and operator training. Our in-house capabilities allow us to shorten project schedules, control costs and quality, and reduce the customer's risk. Our global procurement staff is experienced at locating and obtaining project materials, a key advantage for reformer projects because some required materials are unavailable in the regions where these units are built.

Every process unit project is different; we draw upon our in-depth knowledge and experience to fine-tune the design specifications for superior results. Our people have extensive knowledge of metallurgy, solids calculation, hydraulics and other factors that affect the reforming process, as well as the associated equipment, parts and control systems.

Selecting the best approach. We build catalytic reformers utilizing modular or conventional "stick-built" construction methods. At the outset of the project, we evaluate our customer's needs, the project's size, the installation site and other factors to identify the most appropriate construction option. Most large projects lend themselves to some degree of modularization.

Modular construction offers a number of advantages over conventional construction. The bulk of the fabrication and assembly are performed at our facilities, allowing us to exercise rigorous quality control procedures in a controlled environment. Minimizing fieldwork can also reduce delays due to adverse weather and minimizes the project's impact on the customer site, a significant advantage when the site is located within an operating plant. Modular construction requires minimal skilled labor on-site, which can reduce local labor costs and in-air work, ultimately reducing the customer's risk. In addition, project schedules may be shortened because processes such as fabrication, permitting and logistical arrangements can be accomplished concurrently.

CB&I supplies atmospheric and crude distillation units that accommodate a variety of processing requirements and feedstock characteristics. We can design and build units of any capacity and often use modular construction techniques to make assembly and installation more efficient.

Refiners around the world depend on our distillation units to separate crude oil into fractions. Atmospheric distillation units utilize atmospheric pressure to produce gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, residuum (bottoms) and other fractions. Vacuum distillation units utilize negative pressure to distill atmospheric bottoms into gas oils and asphalt.

Single-point EPC services. We provide complete design-build services for integrated and standalone distillation units, handling everything from process design, detail engineering and procurement to fabrication, modular or conventional construction, start-up and commissioning. We execute most of our projects on a lump-sum, turnkey basis, performing the work with our in-house resources whenever possible. By providing single-point responsibility, we can ensure project quality and better control costs and schedules.

Depending on the size of the distillation unit, we can perform some or all of the work utilizing modular construction methods. Modular units are fabricated and pre-assembled at our fully equipped shops and shipped to the installation site. We pioneered development of the AUTOSTILL^® modular crude topping plant, which is used for atmospheric distillation in remote areas

Modular construction allows us to fabricate and assemble the units under controlled conditions, ensuring the work is performed according to our quality and safety standards and also reducing weather delays. In-house fabrication and assembly lessen the project's impact on the installation site, an important consideration when the unit is destined for a working refinery. Installing a modular unit usually requires less highly skilled labor onsite, which can lower the customer's labor costs. Furthermore, in-air work is minimized, which means less risk for our customers.

Integrated global resources. We are known for our ability to overcome logistical challenges and deliver oil and gas projects almost anywhere. With locations worldwide, we can provide the right people, materials and equipment for all our projects and offer localized expertise on regulatory matters, permitting and logistical issues. And we've implemented company-wide technical standards and quality assurance programs to ensure consistent, superior results, no matter where our projects are located.

CB&I provides turnaround and revamp services for alkylation and other refinery units. Our turnaround services include everything from cost estimating, planning and scheduling to process and detailed engineering, fabrication, procurement, construction and commissioning. Our projects have included shutdowns of entire plants as well as turnarounds of alkylation units, fluidized catalytic cracking units, process vessels, crude and vacuum units, coke drums, hydrocracker reactors, and trayed and packed towers.

We are known for having the resources to provide turnaround services anywhere around the globe under the most challenging conditions. With offices worldwide, we have ready access to an integrated team of engineering, procurement, fabrication, construction, and safety personnel. We can draw upon these resources to mobilize people, materials and equipment wherever and whenever they are needed.

Adding value for the customer. Our track record in completing turnarounds safely, on time and within budget is second to none. We succeed through a combination of meticulous planning, cost control, data analysis and scheduling. At the outset of every turnaround, we clearly define the project's requirements, develop a comprehensive plan, identify major milestones and develop a detailed schedule. Throughout implementation, we closely monitor progress, schedule, cost, materials, quality, equipment, personnel and subcontractors on a continuous basis to ensure that all project objectives are being met.

Safety is always a key consideration in planning and executing turnaround projects. For every project, we form a safety team that develops and implements a unique, site-specific safety program before fieldwork ever begins. Our safety and operations teams are closely integrated to ensure adherence to all project-specific safety measures.

Providing broad expertise. Turnaround projects are complex and often require expertise that spans many technical areas. Our engineers, supervisors and craftsmen collectively provide in-depth knowledge of many aspects of plant structure and operations. Our specialized in-house resources include:

• A facility for developing and testing welding processes, equipment and procedures
• A corporate construction technology group that focuses on heavy-lift engineering, construction procedures, training and accident prevention
• An engineering team focused on process design, analysis, detail repair and modifications, as well as piping, structural, pressure vessels, storage tanks, electrical systems, and instrumentation and controls.
• Fabrication facilities where vessel components, structural elements, modules and piping spools can be fabricated under controlled shop conditions, resulting in better quality control and improved schedules. Contact:  turnarounds@CBI.com

CB&I provides a fully-integrated package of advanced process technologies and a complete spectrum of engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction services for the refining industry. We offer our customers one of the industry's leading hydrocracking technologies. Chevron Lummus Global (CLG), a joint venture of Lummus Technology and Chevron U.S.A. Inc., offers the ISOCRACKING hydrocracking technology that is currently being selected by more refiners than any other hydrocracking technology.

Combined with our past experience in the design and construction of refinery process units, CB&I is in a unique position to offer our clients a full-scope solution combining proven process technology with safe and efficient project delivery.

EPFC. Our fully integrated engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction capabilities enable us to manage the entire scope of large-scale, complex process plants.

• We establish long-standing relationships with suppliers that are leaders in the industry. Our procurement processes and systems help us secure materials and meet delivery schedules.
• CB&I's modular fabrication capabilities enable us to pre-assemble process modules in a controlled off-site environment, which helps to reduce the overall schedule and contributes to quality and safety.

People. Our engineering staff is composed of highly experienced, dedicated professionals. More than a third have advanced degrees, and many are considered leading experts in their fields. Our construction teams are known for their ability to successfully execute projects almost anywhere, including remote and logistically challenging locations. With offices worldwide, we have people who understand legislation, culture, business and labor practices of the communities where we work.

Safety. At CB&I, safety is a priority.

• We build safety into our designs as well as into our construction methods.
• We have extensive experience in refineries and a proven track record of working safely in dangerous environments.
• We provide sufficient space for emergency and maintenance access to equipment, including the unloading and reloading of the catalyst.

CB&I designs and builds isomerization units for converting normal paraffins to higher-octane isoparaffins for refinery applications. We can process units of any capacity and design them to utilize any process technology available.

The two most common process units we provide are butane (C₄) isomerization units and pentane/hexane (C₅/C₆) units. The C₄ unit converts normal butane or a mixture of butanes to isobutane for feedstock to an alkylation unit. The C₅/C₆ unit converts normal pentane and normal hexane streams—commonly found in straight-run gasoline—-to isopentane and isohexane that can be used for gasoline blending.

A complete EPC services package. We provide a full array of integrated design-build services for isomerization unit projects. Our capabilities include everything from front-end engineering and design, detail engineering, fabrication and construction to installation, startup and operator training. Our designers and engineers have extensive experience with all process technologies. With expertise spanning the entire oil and gas production and processing cycle, we optimize our projects to provide greater long-term value for our customers.

We execute most projects on a lump-sum, turnkey basis, handling the work with our own in-house resources whenever possible. By providing a true EPC solution, we are able to control costs and project quality, reduce the customer's risk and often shorten project schedules. And we maintain a vast global network of engineering, fabrication, procurement and construction resources that can quickly be mobilized to any project site.

Faster, more cost-effective construction. We can errect isomerization units using conventional, "stick-built" construction methods, modular construction; or a combination of the two. We evaluate each project's requirements to determine the best approach for our customers. Modular units are fabricated at our in-house facilities and can be shipped almost anywhere. Most projects benefit from some degree of modularization, which can result in reduced costs and shorter project schedules.

CB&I has comprehensive EPC capabilities in the delayed coking market. Through Lummus Technology, we also provide proprietary delayed coking technology that emphasizes high reliability and flexibility while meeting rigorous environmental and safety requirements. CB&I's delayed coking capabilities include:

Safety. CB&I's Short Cycle Switching System was developed to address issues that impact the decoking cycle. The system is an integrated, computer controlled, decoking process that links essential parameters. It enhances the safe operation of the unit by providing computer-controlled quench rates. Higher potential warm-up temperatures decrease stresses and cracking. The minimization or elimination of pressure swings in coke drums reduces foamovers and antifoam requirements.

Reliability. CB&I has extensive experience in the replacement and installation of coke drums. The company's innovative Vertical Plate Coke Drum™ technology reduces circumferential welds, increasing reliability by extending the life of the drums.

Delayed Coking Technology. Lummus Technology's delayed coking technology combined with CB&I's experience with delayed coking projects provides the company with significant differentiation in the delayed coking market.

EPFC. CB&I provides a single point of accountability for grass roots or revamp engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction projects globally. In addition to our proven track record of EPFC projects, we have developed a modular design for a typical two-drum coker that consists of 76 truckable modules, providing an opportunity to bring the benefits of modularization to the delayed coking market. With the addition of Lummus, our EPFC resources have increased tremendously worldwide.

We built the world’s first Hortonsphere^® pressure vessel in 1923, and our experience in providing this storage solution is unmatched even today. We’ve built more than 3,500 spheres worldwide.

Lower cost, higher reliability. Hortonsphere vessels economically and reliably store large volumes of liquids and gases under a wide range of pressure and temperature conditions. Their spherical shape offers uniform stress resistance, allowing the vessels to economically contain internal pressures. They require less land area yet provide more capacity than other pressure storage vessels, resulting in lower associated costs for piping, foundations, accessories and painting.

Hortonsphere vessels are used by many industries, including oil, gas, petrochemical, chemical and aerospace. They are ideal for ambient temperature liquid; low-temperature liquid; cryogenic liquid and gas storage. They also can be used as processing, testing, containment, surge and vacuum vessels or hyperbaric chambers or environmental chambers.

Superior business approach. We deliver projects on a lump-sum, turnkey basis, providing single-point responsibility for all phases of the project. This approach reduces the effort and expense that the customer must invest for project oversight. As a true engineering, procurement/fabrication and construction (EPC) contractor, we have a multinational team of experienced engineers, technicians, supervisors and craftsmen to execute the project from start to finish. Our technical base in design, analysis, testing, metallurgy, welding, material fabrication, project management and construction allows us to provide superior results.

Flexibility in storage. We erect Hortonsphere vessels in the field to provide the most economical solution for the customer. We utilize all-welded metal plate construction, quality materials, and overload testing for unparalleled safety and dependability. Once in service, our spheres are essentially oxygen free, which reduces corrosion and the danger of ignition.

Typical Hortonsphere vessel applications include:

• Ambient Temperature Liquid Storage—Spheres designed for liquid storage can contain a variety of products such as gasoline, anhydrous ammonia, naphtha, LPG, NGL, butadiene and water. Typical capacities range from 1,000–75,000 barrels.
• Low Temperature Liquid Storage—Low-temperature liquid Hortonspheres offer an economical, partial-refrigeration solution for storing products such as LPG. These spheres feature single walls and external insulation.
• Cryogenic Temperature Liquid Storage—Spheres designed for cryogenic storage can be used to store products such as ethylene, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, argon and LNG. These spheres feature double walls with an evacuated, perlite-filled annular space.
• Gas Storage—Hortonsphere vesssels can store large quantities of compressed gases, such as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, helium and argon. They also are used to store digester gas at sewage treatment plants or to store biogas at landfills.

CB&I has more than eight decades of experience designing and building bulk liquid terminals for the oil, gas, and petrochemical industries. We specialize in building tanks that store petroleum, petrochemicals and specialty chemical products. We deliver solutions that encompass complete design-build services for all components of storage terminal projects, and we offer a complete package of EPC solutions.

With more than 30,000 tanks built in more than 100 countries, CB&I is a leader in the design and construction of bulk liquid storage facilities. In addition to tanks, CB&I has designed and built more than 100 storage terminals. We also have the ability to design and install pipelines for these facilities.

CB&I designs and builds tanks that store products at ambient temperatures. We also have considerable experience with refrigerated and cryogenic systems that store products as low as -452°F (-288°C). Over the years, we have delivered almost 1,000 refrigerated storage tanks and spheres.

Comprehensive capabilities. CB&I combines its project experience and extensive knowledge of all facets of a storage terminal to provide a comprehensive offering of bulk liquid storage terminal components, including:

• Storage tanks
• Foundations
• Ship/truck loading and unloading stations
• Marine jetties and offshore loading systems
• Process piping
• Power generation and standby power generation facilities
• Control systems
• Fire protection systems
• Buildings

We also provide EPC solutions for the product entering or exiting the terminal, including:

• Cross-country pipelines
• Subsea pipelines
• Pumping stations

Project services. Services CB&I provides for bulk liquid terminals include:

• Concept definition
• Front-end engineering studies
• Development of alternative solutions
• Project site and cost evaluations
• Design and analysis
• Code interpretation
• Regulatory agency compliance support
• Detail engineering and specifications
• Material procurement and inspection
• Site development
• Fabrication
• Construction
• Project management
• Subcontract management
• Quality assurance
• Final documentation
• Precommissioning
• Start-up
• Operator training

CB&I offers a single-point solution for the construction of marine jetties, offshore loading systems and associated facilities for the import/export of oil and gas products. Using proven project management methods and controls, we're known for delivering even the largest and most challenging projects on time and within budget.

Around the globe, we've designed and built terminals for storing and handling a variety of bulk liquids and liquefied gases, including crude oil, LPG, LNG and ammonia. We provide project and construction management services for marine jetties and other marine facilities. We also build associated terminal components such as ship unloading and loading systems; refrigeration and vapor handling equipment; storage tanks; regasification facilities; dikes and spill control facilities; pump-out systems; and piping connections.

Managing projects effectively. We add value for our customers by providing single-point responsibility for large and complex projects. This approach allows our customers to spend more time on their core business operations and less time managing multiple contractors. We've succeeded because, for more than a century, we've been developing best practices, tools and internal controls to effectively manage costs, shorten schedules and reduce the customer's risk.

To ensure project quality, we self-perform as much of the work as possible, and we direct-hire and train craftspeople from the communities where we work. We've also built solid relationships with respected international marine design and geophysical services contractors. Thus, when outside resources are required, we can ensure our projects receive the best service and quality.

Providing global expertise. We are known for our ability to complete logistically and technically complex projects almost anywhere. We've executed projects on seven continents, including some of the world's most remote locations. With more than 60 offices and construction, fabrication and procurement resources worldwide, we like to say that we are "global, yet local." We can rapidly mobilize materials and equipment and other resources wherever they are needed, and we have people who can provide in-depth expertise on the business practices and regulations of the countries where we work.

CB&I offers design and construction services for import and export terminals that handle a wide variety of liquid products, including crude oil, refined products and bulk fuels. Utilizing our network of engineering, procurement and construction resources, we have successfully executed terminal projects in some of the most geographically and logistically challenging places in the world.

We can provide single-point responsibility for both greenfield projects and expansions of any size. We offer a full range of services that include feasibility studies, conceptual design, terminal siting and environmental investigation, detailed design, permitting, procurement, construction and construction management, operator training, startup and commissioning.

We execute many terminal projects on a lump-sum, turnkey basis. By providing single-point responsibility, we can better control costs and schedules, ensure project quality and minimize our customer's risk. Project oversight is simplified, so our customers have more time to focus on their core business operations.

Utilizing our worldwide resources. Our integrated approach is successful because we have an established network of engineering, procurement and fabrication resources. With locations worldwide, we have people who understand the political and regulatory issues of the communities where we work and can quickly solve problems. Our international procurement offices identify qualified suppliers, inspect their products and materials, and ensure prompt delivery of products to the job site. Our fully equipped fabrication shops provide high-quality components for our projects; for larger and more complex projects, we may establish field fabrication facilities. We have specialized construction crews around the world, and we direct-hire and train local labor whenever possible.

Our capabilities cover the full scope of terminal facilities, including marine jetties, loading and unloading systems, storage tanks, foundations, pumping facilities, fire/hazard detection and protection, communication and security systems, process controls, piping systems and power distribution. In addition, we have extensive experience in permitting and siting and can assist our customers with the permitting process.

Delivering quality and safety. No matter where our projects are located, we design and build them in strict compliance with federal and local regulations. We participate in more than two dozen international code committees, and our company-wide technical standards meet or, in many cases, exceed industry standards. We also provide comprehensive safety training for our work crews around the world, an initiative that has earned us one of the best safety records in the industry.

For more than a century, CB&I has delivered innovative solutions for storing products at ambient temperatures. We have more atmospheric storage tank experience than any other organization in the world, having designed and built more than 30,000 tanks in more than 100 countries.

We offer a comprehensive package of services for tank projects that includes concept definition, design and detail engineering, fabrication, procurement, site development, foundation and tank construction, painting and coating, commissioning and startup, and operator training. Our projects have included everything from single tanks to complex storage terminals.

A better way to work. We execute our projects on a lump-sum, turnkey basis, performing every phase of the work ourselves whenever possible. Our integrated business model translates into shorter project schedules, lower costs, improved quality control and reduced risk for the customer. Because we provide single-point responsibility, our customers don't have to worry about the duplication of effort, delays and design incompatibilities that can arise when multiple contractors are involved.

Our true EPC approach is possible because we have a vast global network of engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction resources. With these integrated resources, we can quickly mobilize people, material and equipment wherever they are needed. Our people are well-versed in the regulations, logistics and business practices of the communities where we work, and we direct-hire and train local labor whenever possible.

A variety of storage solutions. Our solutions include atmospheric storage systems for a variety of industries. We can provide standard storage configurations or custom-design systems for specific needs. Our expertise includes:

Fixed-roof

• Self-supporting/supported cone roofs
• Self-supporting dome roofs
• Stiffened umbrella roofs

Floating-roof

• Internal and external operations
• Welded steel pan, pontoon, or double deck designs

Special atmospheric tanks

• Open top tanks
• Elevated cone bottom tanks
• Bins
• Silos

Most tanks we design are constructed of carbon steel. We also build tanks using alternative materials such as aluminum, stainless steel, 9% nickel or specialty steels to meet specific customer requirements.

As an optional service, we offer our Total Tank Management program, which includes everything from tank inspections and cleaning, to environmental assessment reviews, repairs and modifications. This program allows our customers to concentrate on their core business while CB&I manages all tank related activities, providing cost-effective maintenance and regulatory compliance.

Over the past century we've developed a number of patented design details and construction techniques for safer, better-performing and longer-lasting tanks. Our broad experience, technical capabilities and global construction resources enable us to offer a wide range of storage solutions and superior results to our customers.

CB&I’s  record in the design and construction of water storage is unmatched. Over the past century, CB&I has built more than 25,000 elevated water tanks, pioneered better tank designs and storage technologies, and developed a unique trailing scaffold system that makes construction safer and more efficient while improving inspection access. Our Waterspheroid® and Hydropillar® elevated tanks are the most popular styles in use today, and we also supply cost-effective Composite Elevated Tanks that combine a reinforced concrete support pedestal with a steel tank.

Having designed more than 200 hydrogen and syngas plants around the world, CB&I’s expertise covers the entire range of equipment and technologies for hydrogen and synthesis gas production. Our process selection is project specific based upon feedstock availability, desired product mix, product purity and capacity requirements.

We offer a complete package of EPC solutions – from conceptual design through commissioning/startup – providing a full range of capabilities to meet our customers’ needs. We can fully or partially modularize plants, or we can build them on site (stick built), depending on the economics of the project and the schedule.

CB&I has designed and built Claus sulfur recovery units, amine units, sour water stripping units, Oxygen Injection™ units, liquid sulfur degassing units, tail gas treating units and thermal incineration units around the world. Offering a complete package of EPC services—from conceptual design through commissioning—we consistently deliver systems and services that provide superior long-term value to our customers.

Our services include:

• Feasibility studies to assess project viability, schedules, capital expenditures, and operating and maintenance costs
• Technology packages (schedule “A” packages)
• Front-end engineering design (FEED) packages
• Design engineering applying proven solutions for project-specific requirements
• HAZOP analyses using expertise developed from a broad base of experience
• Detail engineering, procurement, fabrication, modularization and construction using in-house staff and facilities
• Startup, commissioning and operator training performed by our in-house engineering and project staff

CB&I provides a fully-integrated package of advanced process technologies and a complete spectrum of engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction services for the refining industry. We offer solutions for clean fuels production, including low sulfur gasoline and diesel, as well as a wide range of refinery process units and related ancillary facilities.

At present, CB&I is building a multi process unit refinery in South America for which the company has sole-source engineering, procurement and construction responsibility. CB&I’s work scope includes grassroots refining units, utilities and infrastructure.

CB&I has the most extensive global experience of any tank construction company in the industry, having built in excess of 46,000 storage tanks in more than 100 countries on all seven continents. Our storage solutions for the upstream and downstream oil & gas markets include atmospheric tanks, bulk liquid terminals, marine jetties and offshore loading systems, low temperature and cryogenic systems, and pressure spheres.

Processing natural gas for pipeline delivery requires removal of water vapor from the inlet gas stream to meet pipeline specifications and to prevent corrosion and the formation of hydrates, a crystallized gas/water compound. Water vapor removal is accomplished by dehydration, which usually involves one of two processes: absorption or adsorption.

Dehydration methods. Absorption occurs when the water vapor is removed by a liquid dehydrating agent. Adsorption occurs when the water vapor is collected on the surface of the solid desiccant.

The most common method of absorption dehydration uses glycol (TEG), a liquid dessicant dehydrator, to absorb water vapor from the gas stream in a trayed contactor tower. As the glycol solution is brought in contact with the wet gas stream, the solution absorbs the water and exits the bottom of the contactor, while the dry gas exits the top of the vessel.

By contrast, adsorption uses a solid dessicant dehydrator, generally silica gel, activated alumina, calcium chloride, or molecular sieve. Two or more adsorption towers are filled with the solid dessicant; as the wet gas passes through the tower from top to bottom, water is retained on the surface of the desiccant, leaving dry gas to exit the bottom of the tower.

Effective dehydrator performance. CB&I has extensive experience in the design and construction of both types of gas dehydration systems. CB&I has designed and built liquid desiccant dehydrators with capacities ranging from 2 gallons per minute (GPM) up to 150 GPM, and solid dessicant dehydrators with capacities up to 1 billion cubic feet per day.

We can design and construct gas processing plants anywhere around the world, even in the most logistically challenging circumstances. Our global engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction resources can be mobilized to virtually any location and, depending on the project requirements, we can build plants utilizing either modular or conventional construction methods, or a combination of both.

Once natural gas liquids (NGLs) have been separated from a natural gas stream, they are broken down into their component parts, or fractions, using a fractional distillation process, also known as fractionation.

NGLs contain the following hydrocarbon fractions: ethane, propane, butane and natural gasoline (pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons). Fractionation works by heating the NGL stream and boiling off the various fractions in sequence from the lighter to the heavier hydrocarbons. Each fractionating column, or fractionator, is named for the hydrocarbon that is boiled off.

The process starts with the deethanizer, which separates ethane from the NGL stream. Next, the depropanizer separates the propane, then the debutanizer boils off the butane, leaving natural gasoline. In some plants, a butane splitter then further separates normal butane and isobutane. Sometimes the order of the depropanizer and debutanizer are reversed.

Extensive experience. CB&I has designed and built NGL fractionation plants with capacities ranging from 10,000 to 75,000 barrels per day in locations around the world. We have built both stand-alone fractionation systems, as well as systems integrated with gas processing facilities. Depending on the size of the plant, we can perform some or all of the work utilizing modular construction methods. Modular units are fabricated and pre-assembled at our fully equipped shops and shipped to the installation site.

For more than 30 years, Randall Gas Technologies and CB&I have excelled in creating innovative solutions for the natural gas industry. At CB&I we provide a large portfolio of execution capabilities and processing technologies to the hydrocarbon industries.

Today our technology is present in more than 220 plants around the world.  Drawing upon our full-service technology plus EPFC execution experience, CB&I has installed more than 600 gas processing related projects, including field development, gas conditioning and treating, sulfur removal, fractionation, nitrogen rejection, deep ethane extraction and LPG recovery, LNG, liquid product treating, and upgrading of low value gas.

CB&I can deliver solutions from conceptual design through commissioning and operator training across the entire natural gas value chain, as illustrated in the flow diagram.

For the recovery of natural gas liquids, CB&I has extensive knowledge and expertise in the area of cryogenic turbo-expander plants, particularly in high efficiency propane recovery and deep ethane recovery plants.

LPG recovery. Our seasoned process engineers have developed innovative plant designs that feature the industry's tallest demethanizer, oversized brazed aluminum exchangers for very close temperature approach and a modified refluxed demethanizer for additional ethane recovery. In addition, our plants feature a heat exchange train that can easily be modified to add propane refrigeration.

Our plants achieve high propane recovery with complete ethane rejection, and our cryogenic propane recovery plants recover 99 percent or more of butanes and heavier components. These units are suitable for both low and high inlet gas pressures. They feature few moving components and simple process designs, so they perform reliably, are easy to operate and require very little maintenance. And they are designed for minimal utilities consumption, which can reduce owners' on-going operating costs.

Cryogenic ethane recovery. CB&I designs and builds high ethane recovery plants using the refluxed demethanizer gas subcooled process (GSP), which typically achieves 85-90% ethane recovery. Other proprietary plant designs are also offered for higher ethane recoveries. For every installation, we optimize the process design, plant configuration and installed compressor horsepower, while carefully addressing personnel safety, environmental protection, customer preferences, space limitations, service access, available utilities and other design factors. We work to minimize capital, labor and material costs to yield low life cycle costs, while improving operating flexibility and reliability. Our process optimization typically evaluates the fraction of liquids recovered, inlet refrigeration options, side reboiler configurations, turbo-expander compressor configurations, and other process options.

CB&I designs and builds nitrogen rejection/helium recovery units that can accommodate a variety of feed gas compositions and operating conditions. These units remove nitrogen from natural gas streams, increasing the heating value of the gas to meet pipeline specifications; they also capture valuable helium for use in industrial applications.

Our nitrogen rejection units (NRUs) utilize cryogenic distillation technology – the most effective technology for nitrogen rejection and helium recovery. Customers can choose from several configurations, depending on their plant size, the feed gas composition and other specifications. All our systems are constructed of high-quality materials and are designed to provide reliable service, minimal maintenance and ease of operation.

Our solutions include single high-pressure towers, heat-coupled double towers, three-stage columns and single towers. Our UniTower^® can be used for a wide range of N₂ concentrations; this single-tower unit features a thermodynamically efficient design that fits well in small plants. In addition to nitrogen rejection and helium recovery units, we can provide purifying facilities to produce Grade-A helium.

We’ve pioneered a number of innovations in nitrogen rejection and helium recovery over the past 25 years. We developed proprietary rapid cooling technology and innovative insulation methods to reduce cool-down times. We built the first gas-plant-style, non-coldbox nitrogen rejection unit and the first system for handling feeds with less than 8 percent nitrogen. Our other innovations include the first commercially viable NRUs for inlet flow rates of less than 10 million standard cubic feet per day and the first double-column non-coldbox NRUs with integrated LPG and helium recovery.

Dew point control plants. CB&I supplies dew point control plants that use straight refrigeration to remove heavy hydrocarbons from natural gas streams. We've designed and built dew point plants that range in size from 80 to 200 million standard cubic feet per day, and we can integrate our dew point plants with our gas treating plants.

We design refrigerated plants with dew point temperatures ranging from 20°F to -30°F (-6°C to -35°C). The optimum temperature depends on the capital and operating costs associated with hydrocarbon recovery. Lower dew point temperatures are preferable when butane and heavier hydrocarbons can be recovered cost-effectively.

Our plants utilize propane or Freon straight refrigeration systems to remove liquids from the gas stream. Straight refrigeration provides a cost-effective alternative to other types of liquids recovery plants and can be used in remote locations where a liquid pipeline is not available. Another advantage of straight refrigeration systems is that they typically use ethylene glycol injection instead of more expensive molecular sieve systems. They also limit the pressure drop on the gas stream, so no residue compression is needed.

Sour gas processing and acid gas removal. CB&I designs and builds fuel-efficient plants that use all types of solvents to effectively remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from natural gas streams. We have supplied more than 200 conventional and specialty amine systems with capacities ranging from 30 to 4,000 gallons per minute.

Our gas processing facilities are designed to help refiners meet the most stringent environmental regulations and processing requirements. We can build plants that achieve extremely low concentrations, sometimes less than 50 parts per million, of carbon dioxide, often eliminating the need for further treatment in low temperature/cryogenic facilities such as nitrogen rejection and helium recovery plants. We can also seamlessly integrate our sweetening plants with our liquids recovery plants to provide a robust processing solution.

Our expertise covers the entire spectrum of gas sweetening technologies. We've designed acid gas removal plants that use a variety of solvents including MDEA, DEA, MEA and DGA, as well as proprietary solvent mixes. We can provide two-stage treatment plants that provide greater energy efficiency while delivering excellent CO₂ control. We've installed plants that utilize plate-and-frame or shell-and-tube heat exchangers and motor- or turbine-drive power. We've also worked with virtually every heating medium.

CB&I has extensive experience with the key processes and equipment that are utilized in baseload natural gas liquefaction plants. Our experience in each of these process areas is described below.

Receiving and gas metering experience. CB&I has designed a number of plants where ultrasonic custody transfer metering facilities have been installed, including the metering facilities on the PERU LNG project, two ultrasonic metering packages on the Buzzard Offshore Platform project, and ultrasonic meter systems on other gas plant and LNG import terminal projects.

Acid gas removal experience. CB&I has designed and constructed more than 20 acid gas removal systems for gas plants and LNG peak shaving facilities.

• Experience includes MEA, DEA, AMDEA, Sulfinol and Flexsorb solvents and engineering licensed design packages by Shell, BASF, UOP, Ineos, DOW, Black & Veatch, ELF, Exxon Mobil and Ucarsol.
• Our experience in CO₂ removal includes projects up to a 3,310 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD) flow rate, feed gas CO₂ levels of 0.8 to 71% and treated CO₂ concentrations of down to 50 parts per million (PPM).
• Representative projects include Yankee Gas, Liquid Carbonic, BP Cusiana, Kinder-Morgan, Williams Energy, Duke Energy, Union Pacific Resources and Koch Midstream.

Dehydration experience. CB&I has designed and constructed more than 35 dehydration systems using 2 and 3-bed mol sieves with capacities ranging from 62 to 650 MMSCFD.

Representative projects include the PERU LNG project and numerous LNG peak shaving facilities for clients such as Memphis LGW and Pine Needle and gas processing projects such as Enterprise, Hunt/PERU LNG, Pioneer Natural Resources, Dynegy, Williams, and Duke

Mercury removal experience. CB&I has designed mercury removal systems on 14 projects ranging in capacity from 62 to 880 MMSCFD. This includes:

• The PERU LNG project which utilizes activated carbon absorbers.
• The Buzzard project which has two 'Mersorb' beds treating gas from 134 μg/Nm³ to 10 ng/ Nm³.
• Other projects included carbon bed, Hg-Siv and metal oxide technologies.

Other clients include Duke Energy, Marathon Alba, Enterprise, Hunt/ PlusPetrol, Enron and EnCana USA.

Refrigeration experience. CB&I has had experience with refrigeration systems on 15 projects in the last 15 years ranging in capacity from 62 to 1000 MMSCFD. This includes:

• Experience with Air Products and Chemicals (APCI) main cryogenic heat exchanger on PERU LNG, Woodside, NLNG and MLNG.
• Experience with gas turbines up to 34 megawatts (MW).
• CB&I installed 2 – Fr 7 GT's with Nuovo Pignone compressors for NLNG and 1 – Fr 7 GT with Nuovo Pignone compressor for Woodside LNG.
• Other smaller natural gas fired turbine compressors on numerous other gas processing projects, such as a GE Frame 5 turbine with an Elliott compressor for Koch Hydrocarbons.

LNG storage and loading systems. CB&I is one of the leading contractors for LNG storage and loading systems. This experience includes:

• Design and construction of approximately 220 LNG storage tanks, the majority were double-wall single containment storage tanks up to 200,000 cubic meters (m³).

In-tank loading pumps, BOG compressors, condensers, loading arms and jetty top works associated with the 75 LNG terminals and peak shaving plants designed by CB&I.

Offsites and utilities. CB&I capabilities include work that is done outside the scope of the LNG facility itself. These capabilities extend to plant utilities and may also include piping and other connections to offsite structures.

CB&I has been a leader in the design and construction of LNG facilities for half a century. We provide a true EPC solution, performing the work from start to finish, and providing a lump-sum price for the project. Our services include conceptual design, detail engineering, material procurement, fabrication, project management, construction, permitting support, commissioning, startup and operator training.

A world leader. We have extensive experience in LNG projects, so we understand our customers’ business in-depth.Our portfolio of LNG projects includes more than 40 LNG terminals and peak shaving facilities and 200 LNG storage tanks. We’ve built marine regasification terminals for LNG customers in Puerto Rico, Turkey, Russia, Dominican Republic and the United States, providing complete design, engineering, fabrication and construction of terminal receiving, storage, vapor handling and sendout systems.

Innovative solutions. More than a century of project management experience has given us the expertise to develop specialized solutions for our customers. We designed and built the first marine LNG storage and distribution terminal in the United States, and over the years we’ve developed a number of proprietary processes and technologies that benefit our LNG customers. Our recent technological advances include:

• Cost-efficient processes for condensing boil-off gas more economically
• Patented BTU reduction processes that are seamlessly integrated into the design of regasification facilities for the management of gas heating value
• Semi-automatic ultrasonic equipment and test procedures for examining tank welds

These innovations allow us to design and build terminals that provide low total cost of ownership and enable our customers to meet quality and safety standards.

A true EPC approach. We have the people and expertise to perform the entire project from start to finish with our own integrated resources. Our in-house operations include procurement offices, fabrication facilities and specialized construction crews around the world. Whenever possible, we direct-hire and train local labor.

Our people are highly skilled in the design and construction of the full scope of an LNG regasification terminal including: loading and offloading systems, boil-off and flash vapor handling systems, storage tanks and secondary containment, primary and secondary pumping, regasification process systems, fire/hazard detection and protection, communication and security-monitoring systems, civil structure and foundations, process controls, piping systems and power distribution.

We execute our LNG projects on an EPC lump-sum, turnkey basis. This allows us to minimize capital costs, adhere to the project schedule, optimize the integration of plant processes and minimize the customer’s risk. Contact: lng@CBI.com

CB&I has designed and managed some of the world's largest onshore pipeline projects. With more than half-century of pipeline experience to our credit, we've earned respect for our ability to deliver successful pipeline projects even in the most challenging locations.

We've designed pipelines for transporting crude oil, natural gas, refined petroleum products, LPG, LNG, NGL, condensates, water, slurries and various chemicals – both in single-phase and multiphase flow. These pipelines have ranged in diameter from 3 inches (75 millimeters) to 5 feet (1500 millimeters).

CB&I’s worldwide track record includes extensive practice in North America, Africa, the Middle East, Russia, FSU, and the Caspian  and Black Sea regions. In the last 10 years CB&I has been involved in planning, permitting, concepts, and FEED efforts of pipelines totaling 30,000 km. In addition, we have executed contracts for more than 20 projects leading to the safe and timely installation of more than 10,000 km of pipelines, where our scope included engineering, procurement, construction management and support services.

In addition to planning and designing pipelines, we provide complete design-build services for associated facilities such as compression and pumping stations, pig traps, slug catchers, valve stations, terminals and reception facilities.

CB&I’s areas of technical expertise include:

• Geohazard and seismic design
• Crossing design, including horizontal directional drilling (HDD) and microtunneling
• Risk assessment and safety analysis
• RAM and modularization studies
• Flow assurance analysis both under steady state and transient conditions (including multi-phase, multi-product, non-Newtonian and high temperature/high pressure fluids)
• Limit state design
• Materials and welding
• SCADA and telecommunications

CB&I’s involvement in the IPLOCA Pipeline Cost Reduction Research and Development Program and our extensive in-house library of benchmark cost data for various pipeline and process facilities support our value engineering process and ensure the most cost effective pipeline design.

The planning and execution of a pipeline project requires extensive knowledge of numerous geographical, political, regulatory, social and environmental issues. With offices worldwide, we have people in every major market who can provide the specialized knowledge and skills needed to work effectively with land-owners, local authorities and environmental agencies.

CB&I’s track record in the design and construction of surface facilities, gathering systems and other central production processing extends to remote and inaccessible regions across the world. Our engineers and project managers have a thorough understanding of the critical design issues and logistical challenges associated with field developments in regions from the Middle East, to Siberia, South America and Asia.

A wealth of experience.Our experience addresses a full range of field development issues encompassing field production profiles, wellhead design, pump stations, central treatment facilities, power studies, power supply options, substation numbers and configurations, process and field control systems, environmental studies, government legislation, design institutes, logistics, construction execution strategy, availability of local contractors, overall economics, sensitivity analysis (versus crude price), overall risk analysis, training and operations.

CB&I has decades of experience in onshore oil and gas field development, oil and gas processing terminals, and underground gas storage. Services are provided for these industries from conceptual design and optimization, through complete turnkey EPC solutions, covering:

Onshore oil & gas field development

• Wellhead design
• Gathering lines
• Manifolds
• Gas-oil separation plants (GOSPs)
• Pumping and compression stations

Oil & gas terminals and processing plants

• Oil and gas reception facilities
• Oil storage and unloading terminals
• Sour oil and gas processing
• High wax, high produced water crude oil production
• Natural gas processing and treating

Underground gas storage

Oil and gas engineering has to address many factors relevant to the development, whatever the stage of design.  CB&I can call on a vast data bank of past projects and locations to ensure that each project receives the right attention in all the critical areas that have an influence on a successful outcome. Our team of internationally experienced, client-focused engineers and managers align with our clients’ aspirations and are particularly known to expend the extra effort that makes all the difference on any size of project anywhere in the world.

Services provided. CB&I delivers high quality, commercially viable solutions for international oil and gas developments, focusing on generating maximum value for our clients.  CB&I specialist teams offer a comprehensive scope of services, encompassing initial concept studies through full engineering and construction contracts. Our key project and engineering staff include personnel experienced in plant operations, helping to ensure that we provide innovative and operable solutions to challenging projects.

Our services include:

• Front end treating studies to assess project feasibility, schedules, capital expenditures, and operating and maintenance costs
• Design engineering applying proven solutions for specific operating conditions and requirements
• HAZOP analyses using expertise developed form a broad base of experience
• Detailed engineering, procurement, fabrication, modularization and construction
• Start-up, commissioning and operator training

Our experience in onshore oil and gas processing covers both new (greenfield) facilities and revamping and debottlenecking of existing plants (brownfield), and we have designed and built more than 30 processing plants around the world in the last 50 years. Offering a complete package of services, from conceptual design through commissioning, we have extensive capabilities to meet any new installation, expansion or retrofit need.

Optimized solutions. CB&I’s expertise covers the entire range oil and gas processing equipment and liquid recovery. For every solution, we optimize the process design, plant configuration and installed compressor horsepower, while carefully addressing personnel safety, environmental protection, customer preferences, space limitations, service access, available utilities and other design factors. We work to minimize capital labor and materials costs to yield low life cycle costs, while improving operating flexibility and reliability. Our process optimization typically evaluates the fraction of liquids recovered, inlet refrigeration options, side reboiler configurations, turbo expander compressor configurations and other process options.

We have operational experience in the Middle East, North and South Africa, FSU, Middle East, the Far East, India and Europe. Key to any development is an understanding of both the political and economic aspects of the region, the available local resources that can bring quality benefit to the project, local legalisation and country logistics. This first-hand experience in geographic regions around the world, combined with the appropriate technical solutions, enable us to deliver a viable project.

CB&I has decades of experience in onshore oil and gas field development, oil and gas processing terminals, and underground gas storage. Services are provided for these industries from conceptual design and optimization, through complete turnkey EPC solutions, covering:

Onshore oil & gas field development

• Wellhead design
• Gathering lines
• Manifolds
• Gas-oil separation plants (GOSPs)
• Pumping and compression stations

Oil & gas terminals and processing plants

• Oil and gas reception facilities
• Oil storage and unloading terminals
• Sour oil and gas processing
• High wax, high produced water crude oil production
• Natural gas processing and treating

Underground gas storage

Oil and gas engineering has to address many factors relevant to the development, whatever the stage of design.  CB&I can call on a vast data bank of past projects and locations to ensure that each project receives the right attention in all the critical areas that have an influence on a successful outcome. Our team of internationally experienced, client-focused engineers and managers align with our clients’ aspirations and are particularly known to expend the extra effort that makes all the difference on any size of project anywhere in the world.

Services provided. CB&I delivers high quality, commercially viable solutions for international oil and gas developments, focusing on generating maximum value for our clients.  CB&I specialist teams offer a comprehensive scope of services, encompassing initial concept studies through full engineering and construction contracts. Our key project and engineering staff include personnel experienced in plant operations, helping to ensure that we provide innovative and operable solutions to challenging projects.

Our services include:

• Front end treating studies to assess project feasibility, schedules, capital expenditures, and operating and maintenance costs
• Design engineering applying proven solutions for specific operating conditions and requirements
• HAZOP analyses using expertise developed form a broad base of experience
• Detailed engineering, procurement, fabrication, modularization and construction
• Start-up, commissioning and operator training

Based on more than 30 years of experience, CB&I is a leader in the market and is well equipped to meet the challenges currently facing  today’s offshore oil and gas industry, particularly in floating production. We've provided design and engineering services for more than 30 FPSO projects in the North, Caspian and Timor seas, as well as, Brazilian and Southeast Asian waters. Our customers include many of the world's largest oil and gas producers.

CB&I has the specialized in-house expertise to design and build FPSO facilities that provide years of safe and reliable service even under the most challenging operating environments. Our engineering personnel includes experienced naval architects who specialize in designing topsides for FPSO vessels and engineers who have designed and managed a full range of offshore oil and gas production, processing and storage facility projects. Our experience extends from small FPSO conversion designs, through new build leased FPSOs to bespoke designs for large owner operated units.

CB&I’s long and well established relationships with some of the industry’s major hull EPC contractors provides in depth understanding and working knowledge of the key hull/ topsides interface and integration issues, which translates into the optimum, efficient and safe FPSO layout and topsides design.

The prominent position that CB&I enjoys has been established on the proven experience and technology gained on numerous floating production developments from concepts and FEEDs to detailed design and follow-on engineering and PMC for FPSO topsides.

CB&I’s capabilities in the offshore market are focused on the design and engineering of platform topsides and floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) systems.

Platforms

A leading designer of topsides and processing equipment for offshore oil and gas production, CB&I has designed platform topsides ranging in weight from 500 to 30,000 tons. Our topsides have provided years of safe and reliable operation in a variety of climate, water and reservoir conditions. We have designed platforms for service in the North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Barents Sea, and off the coasts of Australia, North America, Barzil, southern Africa, Southeast Asia and the Middle East.

Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) Systems

CB&I is a leading supplier of FPSO units to the offshore oil and gas industry. Over the past 30 years, we’ve provided design and engineering services for more than 30 FPSO projects in the North, Caspian and Timor seas as well as Brazilian and Southeast Asian waters.

One of CB&I’s core areas of expertise is the design of topsides modules and processing equipment for offshore facilities. Our experience ranges from small unmanned platforms to some of the largest topsides in the world. We pride ourselves on our ability to optimize a development to a client's specific needs, resulting in the best possible value. This comes from extensive experience, not only in design but also in module fabrication and construction, operation and maintenance.

Since 1990, CB&I has been involved in more than 60 offshore projects, with contracts ranging from design to detailed engineering, procurement, installation and commissioning (EPIC) assistance.

Our breadth of experience. CB&I has in-house multi-discipline capabilities, providing a single point of responsibility for all engineering and management aspects of a project. Our scope of services spans all phases of offshore work from initial field development and concept screening to full field development, detailed design, procurement, through-life modifications and third party tie-ins to existing platforms. 

CB&I is one of the world leaders in:

• Integrated decks
• Wellhead platforms
• High pressure / high temperature platforms
• Compression platforms
• Normally unmanned installation (NUI) platforms

Through a heritage built upon the industry’s leading names (John Brown, Humphreys and Glasgow, Earl and Wright, Kvaerner Oil and Gas, Lummus and Crest Offshore), we have established a reputation for technology and innovation in topsides design, simplifying and reducing the complexity of topsides to minimize development CAPEX and operating costs.

Areas of improvement gained through our extensive topsides design experience that directly impact the success of a project include:

• Predefined concepts and "building blocks"
• Established systems and procedures for design and procurement
• Seamless transfer of data through the development cycle (e.g., design to fabrication site)

Safety has always been at the forefront of this drive, ensuring safe and simple facilities operation. This overall approach provides CB&I with the experience and capability to develop the most cost effective and safe designs.

Another aspect critical to the delivery of an offshore project is a smooth transition through the stringent regulatory safety requirements. CB&I is one of the few contractors with current experience of the North Sea regulatory regime (UK Safety Case and NORSOK).

CB&I provides a variety of technical services and capabilities to federal and commercial clients, including the following:

• Technical leadership
• Technology applications (testing and laboratory services on hazardous, toxic and radioactive waste)
• Management of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) contract laboratories
• Biotechnology development and applications
• Bioreactor systems

CB&I has the ability and expertise to treat a wide range of inorganic, organic and biological contaminants, and we offer support from conceptual development through field implementation. We maintain two research and development laboratories for the evaluation, development and application of environmental remediation technologies. Additionally, we maintain a laboratory specializing in bioremediation technologies. Our laboratories also evaluate soils and sludges used in various thermal, stabilization, vitrification and bioremediation studies.

Our bioreactor systems are developed to treat recalcitrant pollutants including perchlorate, chlorinated solvents, methyl tertiary butyl ether and complex mixtures. These bioreactors include fluid bed bioreactors, membrane bioreactors and suspended carrier reactors. Biofilters and biotrickling filters are also developed and implemented for treating volatile organic compounds and noxious odors in air streams.

Through two current contracts, CB&I manages and conducts development work for the EPA's Office of Research and Development. Our work focuses on developing technologies related to water/waste water infrastructure support and on developing and enhancing analytical methods for contaminants in drinking water.

In a third contract with the EPA's Analytical Operations Center, CB&I provides quality assurance and technical support services principally focused on oversight of the Contract Lab Program as it relates to analysis performed on Superfund sites. Additionally, we manage on-site technical research support services for the EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory/Subsurface Protection and Remediation Division.

Bioaugmentation

CB&I's environmental protection and remediation services address complex environmental issues, such as the remediation of chlorinated solvents and the design of safe solid waste landfills. Our skilled scientists and engineers use a range of emerging and commercial technologies to solve issues involving hazardous, toxic and radioactive materials in all types of environmental media.

With more than a decade of bioaugmentation expertise, CB&I has performed bioaugmentation for chlorinated solvents, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and methyl tertiary butyl ether. We also have successfully cultured and applied biodegradative bacteria to a wide array of ex situ systems.

We created a technology that treats chlorinated solvent contaminated aquifers. The culture contains Dehalococcoides sp. (DHC) bacteria that degrade highly chlorinated solvents to non-toxic ethene, making it well-suited for treating sites where remediation of perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene has stalled at these intermediates. This technology has been successfully applied at sites throughout the U.S., including some of the largest in situ bioaugmentation projects performed to date.

CB&I uses the latest fabrication technologies to enhance performance and reliability and meet project requirements. As a major provider of piping technology, we develop and use proprietary computer applications for design interface, material control, production scheduling and fabrication management.

Induction Bending

We are the leader in induction bending technology. Our subsidiary, Cojafex B.V., is the world's leading supplier of induction bending equipment for both pipe and structural shapes.

Bending is the preferred alternative to traditional fit and weld procedures due to its precision and accuracy, as well as the overall strength of the final product. We are able to bend a wide variety of materials including carbon steel, low and intermediate alloys (P11, P22, P5, P9, P91, P92 and others), stainless steel, duplex steel, all API X grades and nickel alloys.

Key features of our induction bending capabilities include the following:

• Nine induction bending machines
  • Capable of bending up to 66 inches (1600mm) in diameter and 6 inches (150mm) in wall thickness
  • Capable of producing 1.5 diameter bends
• Multiple cold bending machines
• Structural shape bending equipment

Robotics

CB&I is an industry leader in robotic technology for cutting and welding. This innovative technology ensures we maintain dimensional tolerance in strict accordance with code and customer specifications.

CB&I provides comprehensive water and wastewater engineering services, including:

• Water quality investigations and evaluations
• Permitting and regulatory compliance
• Groundwater assessment and remediation
• Water/wastewater treatment system design and construction
• System rehabilitation
• Stormwater management
• Development and application of patented treatment technologies for substances such as perchlorate and methyl tertiary butyl ether
• Design and construction management

CB&I’s state-of-the-art water treatment technologies are developed in our in-house laboratories. They are designed to reduce total waste treatment costs while providing greater treatment consistency and a smaller footprint.

CB&I also provides erosion and sediment control services - such as innovative and cost-effective approaches to stormwater treatment - for site developers and contractors for construction projects.

Across the U.S., CB&I’s environmental and infrastructure projects help to improve life where it matters most. When clients need experienced program managers and construction experts, they turn to CB&I for reliable results.

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CB&I leads large-scale, high-profile programs and projects – including design-build infrastructure projects – for major U.S. clients. A significant portion of our business comes from the U.S. government, some of which is funded through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.

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Technical Support and Training

Lummus Technology offers extensive aftermarket services to our worldwide client base, including technical support services, training and licensee conferences.

Technical Support Services. We provide technical support services through our Plant Performance Improvement Group, which is specifically dedicated to enhancing the productivity of our clients' existing plants. Our services cover all areas of plant operation, including:

• Plant performance audit/assessment
• Evaluation of plant safety and incident investigation
• Optimization of plant-wide energy and utility consumption
• Application of the latest innovations and technologies
• Optimization of feedstock selection and feed flexibility issues
• Optimization of process control
• Commissioning/start-up procedures/assistance
• Evaluation and resolution of maintenance issues
• Waste minimization and resolution of environmental issues
   

In addition, we provide process, equipment, P&I and control system design reviews, and we can evaluate the design created by the client's staff of a third party, applying our broad experience to find the best approach. Our R&D pilot plants include facilities for testing and developing reactor designs and catalyst formulations.

Training. Lummus Technology offers in-depth standard and customized training programs for all licensee plant staff, including engineers, operators and maintenance specialists, prior to plant start up. 

Licensee Conferences

Lummus Technology offers extensive aftermarket services to our worldwide client base, including technical support services, training and licensee conferences.

As a technology licensor, Lummus Technology provides technology exchange conferences for the licensees of our key process technologies. These conferences provide an opportunity for licensees to learn about what new innovations have taken place, where research and development is heading, and how the plants are operating.

Licensees can find more information on upcoming conferences at our LummusOnline technical support site. Click on the button above.

Modern process plants are complex and interrelated. They require careful planning and evaluation to ensure project feasibility, technical feasibility, economic optimization and proper licensor selection. As a designer and builder of all types of process plants, CB&I recognizes the essential part this early planning plays. Lummus Technology maintains a group of senior engineers dedicated to process planning and project development.

Our process planning group provides the following comprehensive services:

• Complex refinery and petrochemical plant configuration and feasibility studies
• Studies that include developing technologies (e.g., GTL, biofuels)
• Technical and economic analyses for various processing options
• Detailed cost estimates
• Licensor evaluations
• Development of project execution plans
• Financing studies
• Site evaluations and development of OSBL design philosophy (including utility systems, storage tanks, and other offsite systems)

We have completed nearly 200 process planning studies for clients around the world, including private sector, multi-national refiners and petrochemical producers, as well as state-owned petroleum and petrochemical firms.

Unlike consulting companies, our services are based on our actual experience designing and building petrochemical, refinery and other process facilities.

• Because CB&I is an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contractor, we can realistically define the cost, schedule and resources required to bring a project to completion, anticipating potential risks.
• As a technology-oriented contractor, we know which technologies are most appropriate for each client.
• With an international track record of successful projects, we know what it takes to realize a project in many different areas of the world.
• As part of CB&I, Lummus Technology can call upon numerous specialized resources, such as project financing.

Lummus Technology employs a full range of analytical tools and data to successfully conduct process planning studies, including:

• A comprehensive linear programming (LP) model that includes all major refinery and petrochemical facilities
• A crude assay database with more than 150 crudes
• Specialized computer programs for predicting yield/utility data for most major refining and petrochemical process units
• A large and diverse engineering design and construction database covering more than 600 refinery units and 400 petrochemical and chemical units
• Access to major specialized marketing and pricing data services, as well as a close working relationship with the major consultancies.

Since 1934, Lummus Technology's Heat Transfer group has been providing process industries worldwide with the design and supply of specialized heat transfer equipment.

Fired Heaters

We have designed and built fired heaters of every size and type, often as the forerunner in the field of new design applications, technology and pollution control. Our SRT (Short Residence Time) pyrolysis heaters for the ethylene industry are used to produce more than 40% of the world's annual ethylene capacity.

Air Preheaters

We offer cast iron preheaters, tubular systems, regenerative systems and preheaters used on gas turbine units to preheat air against exhaust gas.

Heat Exchangers

We have designed and supplied more than 20,000 shell-and-tube heat exchangers over the past 60 years, including high pressure applications. Ongoing research and development, along with our ISO 9001 Lloyds-certified quality system, ensure that our advanced equipment meets our clients' requirements.

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Patented process technology and proprietary know-how developed by Lummus Technology are used in more than 200 natural gas plants around the world. Many of the innovations we have developed, like the use of plate-fin exchangers and packings in cryogenic columns, remain today as standard designs in the industry. We have a wide portfolio of patented designs including deep ethane and propane recovery, NicheLNG^SM, mitigation of CO₂ recovery in NGL processing, and hydrocarbons from refinery streams, enabling us to expand our technology positions through the natural gas value chain.

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Whether you have been a supplier to CB&I for many years, or if you are just interested in finding out more about how you can partner with us, you are at the right place.

CB&I values the relationships we have with our suppliers and we view each one of them as a critical part of our team.  CB&I is always looking to improve the way we manage our communication and bidding process with our global supplier base.  In recent years, CB&I has formed a strategic agreement with MateriaLink to develop Internet-based, procurement software solutions for our company.  These systems are summarized below:

CB&I Supplier Portal

This is our newest system that provides our suppliers with a single platform to communicate to CB&I their locations, contacts, biographical information and product offerings.  Through this system, you also have the ability to complete an application to become a qualified supplier of CB&I.  Suppliers will find the qualification process to be quite thorough, and the Supplier Portal will guide you through the process in several easy steps.  We will communicate with you by email as your request moves through the various stages of qualification.  Once you have completed the registration and qualification process, your information will then be accessible by all of CB&I’s procurement personnel in any one of our offices worldwide as a potential supplier for future business opportunities.  There is no fee for using this system.

The Supplier Portal is an all-electronic process which can be completed at your own pace.  For those suppliers who have already completed our previous paper-driven qualification process, or have simply been a supplier for a long time, we ask for your cooperation in setting up your information in the Supplier Portal that will be used by CB&I for many years to come.

CB&I Bid Management System

This is a secure website for suppliers to access our Requests for Quote (RFQ) packages, to communicate with us during the bidding process and to submit their quotations.  This site offers suppliers a central location to manage all of their open RFQs with any of CB&I’s procurement offices worldwide.  CB&I has been using this system for more than three years and we have found the system makes the bidding process less complicated and more efficient for both suppliers and CB&I buyers.  This system is currently not used for subcontracts or purchases of small consumable type materials.  There is a nominal fee for using this system that is paid directly to MateriaLink.

By clicking on the link below, you will be directed to MateriaLink’s website so you can create a username and password that will allow you access to both of the CB&I systems.  All suppliers will need access to the Supplier Portal.  Depending on your product offerings, MateriaLink will advise you if you should also sign up for the Bid Management System.

If you have questions about either one of the CB&I systems, you are encouraged to contact MateriaLink Customer Support by email at: supplier.qualification@materialink.com  or telephone at: +1-864-213-9200.

Click here to be directed to MateriaLink’s website.

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To realize the cost benefits from modularizing the construction of an AP1000™ nuclear power plant, CB&I has developed a unique time- and labor-saving method. This process will be used to assemble the 1,100-ton large structural module that forms an integral part of the auxiliary and containment buildings. It also will be used to assemble the 1,000-ton structural module that forms the steam generator compartments and refueling canal within the containment vessel.

Produced in our SMS module fabrication and assembly facility, the modules will be delivered by truck to each site in subsections approximately 10 feet wide by 30 to 48 inches thick and 68 to 77 feet long. The subsections are fabricated as flat panels, L-sections and T-sections to fit the configuration of the final module.

The subsections are stored at the sites until they are scheduled to be erected in the assembly building. This building, constructed at each of the project sites, contains the cranes and platens necessary to erect the modules.

The following steps are necessary to complete the module erection:

• When a subsection is scheduled for installation in the module, a specially designed truck called an up-ender is sent to the storage site where a crane loads the subsection onto the truck.
• The up-ender backs into the assembly building, where hydraulic cylinders rotate the truck bed 90 degrees, raising the subsection from horizontal to vertical.
• An overhead crane in the assembly building will remove the subsection from the up-ender and place it on an elevated steel platen.
• The up-ender returns to the storage site to retrieve the next subsection.

The elevated steel platen makes it possible to achieve the stringent tolerances specified by the module designer. Subsections are aligned and guyed until vertical joints between subsections are welded by automated welding machines.

While the modules are being assembled on the platens, equipment, skids and interior floor sections are delivered by flat-bed truck to the center of the assembly building. Floor sections are welded together and preloaded with equipment and piping skids. As interior compartment sections are completed in the modules, equipment skids and floor sections are hoisted over the top of the module and lowered into position. Floors are sequenced into each compartment working from bottom to top.

When the assembly of the module is complete with all floors and equipment installed, large heavy-lift transporters raise the steel platen and module off the assembly building floor slab, carrying both the module and the plate out the end of the building to the main heavy-lift crane. This crane picks the module off the platen and places it in its final location.

Industrial Process Services

CB&I provides painting, insulation and scaffolding services for industrial clients worldwide. Our employees are qualified in the latest technology and equipment through our in-house training methods.

We offer diverse sandblasting and painting experience to onshore/offshore oil and gas industries, chemical plants, refineries and shipyards. Our full range of professional coating services, including Sophisticated Paint Endorsement AISC D.1.1.  D.1.5, is available onshore as well as offshore and complements fabrication and construction projects.

Our industrial process specialty services include:

• Turnkey project work
• Full suite of professional sandblasting and painting
• Surveys/recommendations for multi-year painting projects
• Specialized coating applications:
  • Internal linings
  • Chime seal
  • Plural component pump spray
  • Fiberglass reinforced plastic
  • Secondary containment
  • Fireproofing services

Modularization

CB&I designs and builds multiple large-scale modular units for clients in the oil and gas, power and process industries worldwide. We have extensive experience fabricating and assembling modules, including design, constructability, procurement, project management, scheduling, load-out and transport of completed units.

We hold ASME R, U1 and U2 Certificates of Authorization, certifying us to repair ASME pressure vessels at the facility or in the field. Capabilities include pressure vessels ranging from 4 inches thick to 20 feet OD, separators, skimmers and scrubbers.

We have expertise in manufacturing manifold systems, pig launchers and receivers, metering skids, pump packages, spool piping, structural skids, heliports, decks, and general construction.

Our 60-acre waterfront facility provides ready access to deep water for coastal domestic or international transportation. We are well equipped to provide complete systems on skids for shipping or smaller modules for road or rail transport.

CB&I performs all phases of work, including:

• Design
• Blasting
• Painting
• Estimating
• Total assembly
• Commissioning
• Module loading and transportation
• Pipe/structural/vessel fabrication

Lummus Technology maintains proprietary catalyst formulations tied to our licensed processes. Catalysts improve process economics by steering reactions to higher conversions and yields. We either supply catalysts to our customers, or they are supplied directly to the end-user through our catalysts manufacturing partners.

The role of catalysts in conversion processes is illustrated below.

Lummus Technology, together with its technology/catalyst partners, has developed catalysts for a multitude of refining, petrochemical and polymer processes.